Research papers on laminitis, IR and PPID
Titles in bold link to the full paper, otherwise titles link to the abstract. Sorted by date within subject (latest research at top of section).
Contents:
Research relating to Insulin Resistance/EMS/hyperinsulinaemia/ID
Research relating to EMS/ID and PPID
Research relating to PPID
Research relating to laminitis
Research relating to feet
Research relating to grass/hay and NSC/carbohydrate/sugar levels
Research relating to Insulin Resistance/EMS/hyperinsulinaemia/ID
Research relating to EMS/ID and PPID
Research relating to PPID
Research relating to laminitis
Research relating to feet
Research relating to grass/hay and NSC/carbohydrate/sugar levels
Research relating to Insulin Resistance/EMS/hyperinsulinaemia
de Laat MA, Fitzgerald DM
Equine Metabolic Syndrome: Role of the enteroinsular axis in the insulin response to oral carbohydrate
The Veterinary Journal February 2023 (online) 105967. https://doi.org/10.1016.j.tvjl.2023.105967. Open Access
de Laat MA, Warnken T, Delarocque J, Reiche DB, Grob AJ, Feige K, Carslake HB, Durham AE, Sillence MN, Thane KE, Frank N, Brojer J, Lindase S, Sonntag J.
Carbohydrate pellets to assess insulin dysregulation in horses.
J Vet Intern Med. 2023 Jan;37(1):302-314. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16621. Epub 2022 Dec 30. PMID: 36583553; PMCID: PMC9889680. Open Access.
Keywords: equine metabolic syndrome, horse, hyperinsulinemia, laminitis, oral glucose test, palatability, pony
Warnken T, Schaub C, Delarocque J, Frers F, Feige K, Sonntag J, Birte Reiche D
Palatability, glycemic, and insulinemic responses to various carbohydrate formulations: Alternatives for the diagnosis of insulin dysregulation in horses?
JVIM 10 January 2023. Vol 37 I1 p282-291. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16614. Open Access.
Macon EL, Harris P, Bailey S, Caldwell Barker A, Adams A.
Identifying possible thresholds for nonstructural carbohydrates in the insulin dysregulated horse.
Equine Vet J. 2022 Dec 20. doi: 10.1111/evj.13910. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36537847.
Sundra T, Kelty E, Rendle D
Preliminary observations on the use of ertugliflozin in the management of hyperinsulinaemia and laminitis in 51 horses: A case series
BEVA Equine Veterinary Education published online 17 November 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13738. Open Access.
See also EVE Video Abstract No. 27 Preliminary observations on the use of ertugliflozin
Mendoza FJ, Buzon-Cuevas A, Toribio RE, Perez-Ecija A.
Characterisation of the oral glucose and sugar tolerance tests and the enteroinsular axis response in healthy adult donkeys.
Equine Vet J. 2022 Nov;54(6):1123-1132. doi: 10.1111/evj.13544. Epub 2021 Dec 21. PMID: 34897779.
Keywords: donkeys, glucose, horse, incretins, insulin dysregulation, metabolic syndrome
McLean NL, McGilchrist N, Nielsen BD.
Dietary iron unlikely to cause insulin resistance in horses.
Animals September 2022, 12 (19), 2510. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192510.
Keywords: iron; insulin resistance; racehorse; metabolic disease; nutrition; equine; horse
Kellon EM, Gustafson KM.
Use of the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin for control of refractory equine hyperinsulinemia and laminitis.
Open Vet J. 2022 Jul-Aug;12(4):511-518. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i4.14. Epub 2022 Aug 7. PMID: 36118716; PMCID: PMC9473365.
Cadario M, Archbald L
Effect of endocrinopathies on fertility in the mare. Part 1: Equine metabolic syndrome
Theriogenology Annual Conference July 2022 published September 2022
Jorge-Smeding E, Warnken T, Grob AJ, Feige K, Pudert T, Leung YH, Go YY, Kenez A.
The sphingolipidome of plasma, liver, and adipose tissues and its association with insulin response to oral glucose testing in Icelandic horses.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. Published online 08 August 2022. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00018.2022. Full paper Deepdyve.
Macon EL, Harris P, Barker VD, Adams AA
Seasonal Insulin Responses to the Oral Sugar Test in Healthy and Insulin Dysregulated Horses
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science June 2022 Vol 113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103945
Keywords: Insulin dysregulation, season, metabolic syndrome, NSC, OST
Macon EL, Harris P, Bailey S, Barker VD, Adams A.
Postprandial insulin responses to various feedstuffs differ in insulin dysregulated horses compared with non-insulin dysregulated controls.
Equine Vet J. 2022 May;54(3):574-583. doi: 10.1111/evj.13474. Epub 2021 Jul 8. PMID: 34053111.
Keywords: equine metabolic syndrome; horse; insulin dysregulation; nonstructural carbohydrates.
Knowles EJ, Elliott J, Harris PA, Chang YM, Menzies-Gow NJ.
Predictors of laminitis development in a cohort of non-laminitic ponies.
Equine Vet J. 2022 Mar 9. doi: 10.1111/evj.13572. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35263471.
Macon EL, Harris P, Partridge E, Barker VD, Adams A
Effect of dose and fasting on oral sugar test responses in insulin dysregulated horses
JEVS published online 16 September 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103770
Keywords: Insulin dysregulation, oral sugar test, Equine Metabolic Syndrome, varying oral sugar dose, fasting duration
Leung YH, Kenéz Á, Grob AJ, Feige K, Warnken T.
Associations of plasma sphingolipid profiles with insulin response during oral glucose testing in Icelandic horses.
J Vet Intern Med. 2021 Jul;35(4):2009-2018. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16200. Epub 2021 Jun 8.
Lindåse S, Nostell K, Bergsten P, Forslund A, Bröjer J.
Evaluation of fasting plasma insulin and proxy measurements to assess insulin sensitivity in horses.
BMC Vet Res. 2021 Feb 15;17(1):78. doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02781-5. PMID: 33588833; PMCID: PMC7885592.
Keywords: Beta‐cell response; Endocrine; Equine metabolic syndrome; Insulin dysregulation; Insulin resistance.
Delarocque J, Reiche DB, Meier AD, Warnken T, Feige K, Sillence MN.
Metabolic profile distinguishes laminitis-susceptible and -resistant ponies before and after feeding a high sugar diet.
BMC Vet Res 17, 56 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02763-7
Delarocque J, Frers F, Huber K, Jung K, Feige K, Warnken T.
Metabolic impact of weight variations in Icelandic horses.
PeerJ. 2021 Jan 28;9:e10764. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10764. PMID: 33575132; PMCID: PMC7847705.
Keywords: Equine metabolic syndrome; Insulin dysregulation; Metabolomics; Obesity; Oral glucose test; Pathway analysis.
Carslake HB, Pinchbeck GL, McGowan CM.
Equine metabolic syndrome in UK native ponies and cobs is highly prevalent with modifiable risk factors.
Equine Vet J. 2020 Oct 30. doi: 10.1111/evj.13378. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33128277.
Keywords: EMS; epidemiology; horse; laminitis; obesity; prevalence
Knowles EJ, Grieve L
Clinical insights: Equine obesity
EVJ Sept 2020 52,5 635-638. Published online 04 August 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13307
Box JR, McGowan CM, Raekallio MR, Mykkänen AK, Carslake H, Karikoski NP.
Insulin dysregulation in a population of Finnhorses and associated phenotypic markers of obesity.
J Vet Intern Med. 2020 Jul;34(4):1599-1605. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15782. Epub 2020 Jun 17. PMID: 32557899; PMCID: PMC7379004.
Delarocque J, Frers F, Huber K, Feige K, Warnken T
Weight loss is linearly associated with a reduction of the insulin response to an oral glucose test in Icelandic horses
BMC Veterinary Research Published online 24 May 2020 16:151 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02356-w
Van Den Wollenberg L, Vandendriessche V, van Maanen K, Counotte GHM
Comparison of Two Diagnostic Methods to Detect Insulin Dysregulation in Horses Under Field Conditions
J Equine Vet Sci. May 2020;88:102954. Published online 7 February 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102954 (Full paper is available as .pdf online, search on Van Den Wollenberg & title or click here for cache).
Zak A, Siwinska N, Elzinga S, Barker VD, Stefaniak T, Schanbacher BJ, Place NJ, Niedzwiedz A, Adams AA
Effects of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) on inflammation and acute-phase markers in horses
Domestic Animal Endocrinology published online 14 February 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106448
Lindåse S, Johansson H, Månsby M, Bröjer J
Repeatability of the hyperglycaemic clamp for assessment of β-cell response and insulin sensitivity in horses
Equine Vet J. 2020 Jan;52(1):126-130. doi: 10.1111/evj.13119. Published online 08 May 2019
FoTLS - full paper EVJ free to access 17 December 2019
Elzinga SE, Betancourt A, Stewart JC, Altman MH, Barker VD, Muholland M, Bailey S, Brennan KM, Adams AA.
Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich Microalgae Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Parameters in Horses With Equine Metabolic Syndrome.
J Equine Vet Sci. 2019 Dec;83:102811. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102811. Epub 2019 Oct 21. PMID: 31791524.
Fitzgerald DM
Pasture-associated metabolic derangements of horses: pathogenesis and identification
PhD dissertation November 2019. Queensland University of Technology
Keywords; Adiponectin, adiposity, equine, equine metabolic syndrome, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, hyperinsulinaemia, incretin, insulin dysregulation, laminitis, leptin, non-structural carbohydrate, pony
Meier, Alexandra
Equine insulin dysregulation and laminitis: developing a framework for testing treatment and preventive strategies
PhD thesis November 2019 Queensland University of Technology
Reynolds A, Keen JA, Fordham T, Morgan RA
Adipose tissue dysfunction in obese horses with equine metabolic syndrome
Equine Vet J. 2019 Nov;51(6):760-766. doi: 10.1111/evj.13097. Epub 2019 Apr 10
Leschke DH, Muir GS, Hodgson JK, Coyle M, Horn R, Bertin F-R.
Immunoreactive insulin stability in horses at risk of insulin dysregulation.
J Vet Intern Med. September 2019;1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15629. Open Access.
Keywords: chemiluminescent assay, diagnostic testing, endocrinology, equine metabolic syndrome, laminitis, obesity
Fitzgerald DM, Anderson ST, Sillence MN, de Laat MA.
The cresty neck score is an independent predictor of insulin dysregulation in ponies.
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 24;14(7):e0220203. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220203. PMID: 31339945; PMCID: PMC6655749.
Norton EM, Schultz NE, Rendahl AK, Mcfarlane D, Geor RJ, Mickelson JR, McCue ME
Heritability of metabolic traits associated with equine metabolic syndrome in Welsh ponies and Morgan horses
Equine Vet J. 2019 Jul;51(4):475-480. doi: 10.1111/evj.13053. Epub 2018 Dec 15
Williams CA, Kenny LB, Burk AO.
Effects of grazing system, season, and forage carbohydrates on glucose and insulin dynamics of the grazing horse.
J Anim Sci. 2019 May 30;97(6):2541-2554. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz103. PMID: 30911753; PMCID: PMC6541809.
Keywords: carbohydrate, continuous grazing, equine, glucose, insulin, rotational grazing
Durward-Akhurst SA, Schultz NE, Norton EM, Rendahl AK, Besselink H, Behnisch PA, Brouwer A, Geor RJ, Mickelson JR, McCue ME
Associations between endocrine disrupting chemicals and equine metabolic syndrome phenotypes
Chemosphere. 2019 Mar;218:652-661. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.136. Epub 2018 Nov 26
Nostell K, Lindåse S, Edberg H, Bröjer J
The effect of insulin infusion on heart rate and systemic blood pressure in horses with equine metabolic syndrome
Equine Vet J. published onkline 18 March 2019. doi: 10.1111/evj.13110
Meier A, de Laat M, Reiche D, Fitzgerald D, Sillence M
The efficacy and safety of velagliflozin over 16 weeks as a treatment for insulin dysregulation in ponies
BMC Vet Res February 2019 15, 65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1811-2
Durham AE, Frank N, McGowan CM, Menzies-Gow NJ, Roelfsema E, Vervuert I, Feige K, Fey K
ECEIM consensus statement on equine metabolic syndrome
J Vet Intern Med. Published online 6 Feb 2019. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15423
Fitzgerald DM, Walsh DM, Sillence MN, Pollitt CC, de Laat MA
Insulin and incretin response to grazing in insulin-dysregulated and healthy ponies
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Volume 33, Issue 1 January/February 2019 Pages 225-232 https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15363
Norton EM, Avila F, Schultz NE, Mickelson JR, Geor RJ, McCue ME
Evaluation of an HMGA2 variant for pleiotropic effects on height and metabolic traits in ponies
J Vet Intern Med. 2019 Jan 21. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15403. [Epub ahead of print]
Bamford NJ, Potter SJ, Baskerville CL, Harris PA, Bailey SR
Influence of dietary restriction and low-intensity exercise on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in obese equids
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine December 2018 33(1) DOI: 10.1111/jvim.153
Marycz K, Kornicka K, Irwin-Houston JM, Weiss C
Combination of resveratrol and 5-azacytydine improves osteogenesis of metabolic syndrome mesenchymal stem cells
J Cell Mol Med. 2018 Oct;22(10):4771-4793. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.13731. Epub 2018 Jul 12
Meier A, Reiche D, de Laat M, Pollitt C, Walsh D, Sillence M
The sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor velagliflozin reduces hyperinsulinemia and prevents laminitis in insulin-dysregulated ponies
PLoS ONE 13(9): e0203655 published 13 Sept 2018. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203655
See also: Drug shows promises in preventing laminitis in at-risk ponies - www.horsetalk.co.nz 24 Sept 2018
DeBoer ML, Hathaway MR, Kuhle KJ, Weber PSD, Reiter AS, Sheaffer CC, Wells MS, Martinson KL
Glucose and Insulin Response of Horses Grazing Alfalfa, Perennial Cool-Season Grass, and Teff Across Seasons
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Volume 68, September 2018, Pages 33-38
DeBoer ML
Forage Quality and Blood Metabolites of Horses Grazing Alfalfa, Cool-Season Perennial Grass and Teff
PhD dissertation July 2018 University of Minnesota
Lindåse S, Müller C, Nostell K, Bröjer J
Evaluation of glucose and insulin response to haylage diets with different content of nonstructural carbohydrates in 2 breeds of horses
Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2018 Jul;64:49-58. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.03.006. Epub 2018 Apr 9
de Laat MA, Fitzgerald DM, Sillence MN, Spence RJ
Glucagon-like peptide-2: A potential role in equine insulin dysregulation
Equine Vet Journal published online 04 Mar 2018. doi: 10.1111/evj.12825
Newkirk KM, Ehrensing G, Odoi A, Boston RC, Frank N
Immunohistochemical expression of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin in pancreatic islets of horses with and without insulin resistance
Am J Vet Res. 2018 Feb;79(2):191-198. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.79.2.191
Rapson JL, Schott II HC, Nielsen BD, McCutcheon LJ, Harris PA, Geor RJ
Effects of age and diet on glucose and insulin dynamics in the horse
Equine Veterinary Journal published online Jan 2018
Warnken T, Delarocque J, Schumacher S, Huber K, Feige K
Retrospective analysis of insulin responses to standard dosed oral glucose tests (OGTs) via naso-gastric tubing towards definition of an objective cut-off value
Acta Vet Scand. 2018 Jan 19;60(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13028-018-0358-8
Meier AD, de Laat MA, Reiche DB, Pollitt CC, Walsh DM, McGree JM, Sillence MNDomest Anim
The oral glucose test predicts laminitis risk in ponies fed a diet high in nonstructural carbohydrates
Endocrinol. 2017 Nov 16;63:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.10.008
Cantarelli C, Dau SL, Stefanello S, Azevedo MS, De Bastiani GR, Palma HE, Brass KE, De La Côrte FD
Evaluation of oral sugar test response for detection of equine metabolic syndrome in obese Crioulo horses
Domestic Animal Endocrinology 63 (2018) 31–37 doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.10.006
Bertin FR, de Laat MA
The diagnosis of equine insulin dysregulation
Equine Veterinary Journal Volume 49, Issue 5 September 2017 Pages 570–576
Beythien E, Wulf M, Ille N, Aurich J, Aurich C.
Effects of sex, pregnancy and season on insulin secretion and carbohydrate metabolism in horses.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2017 Sep;184:86-93. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.07.002. Epub 2017 Jul 6. PMID: 28701287.
Keywords: glucose, horse, insulin, pregnancy.
Knowles EJ, Harris PA, Elliott J, Menzies-Gow NJ
Use of the oral sugar test in ponies when performed with or without prior fasting
Equine Vet J. 2017 Jul;49(4):519-524. doi: 10.1111/evj.12607. Epub 2016 Sep 5
Rapson JL MSc thesis Michigan State University 2015
Effects of age and diet on glucose and insulin dynamics in the horse
Morgan RA, McGowan TW, McGowan CM
Prevalence and risk factors for hyperinsulinaemia in ponies in Queensland, Australia
Aust Vet J. 2014 Apr;92(4):101-6
de Graaf-Roelfsema E
Glucose homeostasis and the enteroinsular axis in the horse: A possible role in equine metabolic syndrome
The Veterinary Journal Volume 199, Issue 1, January 2014, Pages 11-18 (DeepDyve)
Rendle DI, Rutledge F, Hughes KJ, Heller J, Durham AE
Effects of metformin hydrochloride on blood glucose and insulin responses to oral dextrose in horses
Equine Veterinary Journal published online 19 Feb 2013
Dugdale AH, Grove-White D, Curtis GC, Harris PA, Argo CM.
Body condition scoring as a predictor of body fat in horses and ponies.
Vet J. 2012 May 10. [Epub ahead of print]
RIRDC Dec 2011
Insulin-Induced Laminitis - An investigation of the disease mechanism in horses
Melody de Laat, Martin Sillence, Catherine McGowan and Christopher Pollitt
Dugdale, Alex (2011), Doctoral thesis, University of Liverpool.
Aspects of adiposity in ponies
Dugdale AH, Curtis GC, Milne E, Harris PA, Argo CM.
Assessment of body fat in the pony: part II. Validation of the deuterium oxide dilution technique for the measurement of body fat.
Equine Vet J. 2011 Sep;43(5):562-70.
Dugdale AH, Curtis GC, Harris PA, Argo CM.
Assessment of body fat in the pony: part I. Relationships between the anatomical distribution of adipose tissue, body composition and body condition.
Equine Vet J. 2011 Sep;43(5):552-61.
Dugdale AH, Curtis GC, Cripps PJ, Harris PA, Argo CM.
Effects of season and body condition on appetite, body mass and body composition in ad libitum fed pony mares.
Vet J. 2011 Dec;190(3):329-37. Epub 2010 Dec 10.
Equine Veterinary Journal. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00475.x (2011)
Use of proxy measurements of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretory response to distinguish between normal and previously laminitic ponies
Borer KE, Bailey SR, Menzies-Gow NJ, Harris PA, Elliott J
Intravenous injection of insulin for measuring insulin sensitivity in horses: effects of epinephrine, feeding regimen, and supplementation with cinnamon or fish oil
Earl LR, MSc thesis 2011
Equine vet J 2011 43 (2) 196-201
Glucose transport in the equine hoof
Asplin K, Curlewis J, McGowan C, Pollitt C, Sillence M
Dugdale AH, Curtis GC, Cripps P, Harris PA, Argo CM.
Effect of dietary restriction on body condition, composition and welfare of overweight and obese pony mares.
Equine Vet J. 2010 Oct;42(7):600-10.
Equine vet. J. (2010) 42 (2) 129-135
Equine laminitis: Induced by 48 h hyperinsulinaemia in Standardbred horses
de Laat MA, McGowan CM, Sillence MN, Pollitt CC
Diagnosis and Management of Horses with Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS)
Chameroy KA, PhD dissertation 2010
Carter RA, McCutcheon LJ, George LA, Smith TL, Frank N, Geor RJ
Effects of diet-induced weight gain on insulin sensitivity and plasma hormone and lipid concentrations in horses
Am J Vet Res. 2009 Oct;70(10):1250-8
Insulin Resistance and Laminitis in Horses
Horn I, thesis 2009
Prevalence, risk factors and seasonality of plasma insulin concentrations in normal horses in central Ohio
Muno JD, MSc thesis 2009
Am J Vet Res 2008 Jan;69(1):122-9
Hypertension and insulin resistance in a mixed-breed population of ponies predisposed to laminitis
Bailey S, Habershon-Butcher J, Ransom K, Elliott J, Menzies-Gow N
The Veterinary Journal Vol 174, Issue 3, November 2007, Pages 530-535
Induction of laminitis by prolonged hyperinsulinaemia in clinically normal ponies
Katie E. Asplin, Martin N. Sillence, Christopher C. Pollitt and Catherine M. McGowan
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2007, 39: 567–575
Factors affecting clinical assessment of insulin sensitivity in horses
Firshman AM, Valberg SJ
.JAVMA, Vol 228, No. 9, May 1, 2006
Physical characteristics, blood hormone concentrations, and plasma lipid concentrations in obese horses with insulin resistance.
Frank N, Elliott SB, Brandt LE, Keisler DH
J ANIM SCI June 2005 vol. 83 no. 13 suppl E22-E31
Insulin resistance in the horse: Definition, detection, and dietetics
Kronfeld DS, Treiber KH, Hess TM, Boston RC
Powell DM, Reedy SE, Sessions DR, Fitzgerald BP.
Effect of short-term exercise training on insulin sensitivity in obese and lean mares.
Equine Vet J Suppl. 2002 Sep;(34):81-4. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05396.x. PMID: 12405664.
Equine Metabolic Syndrome: Role of the enteroinsular axis in the insulin response to oral carbohydrate
The Veterinary Journal February 2023 (online) 105967. https://doi.org/10.1016.j.tvjl.2023.105967. Open Access
de Laat MA, Warnken T, Delarocque J, Reiche DB, Grob AJ, Feige K, Carslake HB, Durham AE, Sillence MN, Thane KE, Frank N, Brojer J, Lindase S, Sonntag J.
Carbohydrate pellets to assess insulin dysregulation in horses.
J Vet Intern Med. 2023 Jan;37(1):302-314. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16621. Epub 2022 Dec 30. PMID: 36583553; PMCID: PMC9889680. Open Access.
Keywords: equine metabolic syndrome, horse, hyperinsulinemia, laminitis, oral glucose test, palatability, pony
Warnken T, Schaub C, Delarocque J, Frers F, Feige K, Sonntag J, Birte Reiche D
Palatability, glycemic, and insulinemic responses to various carbohydrate formulations: Alternatives for the diagnosis of insulin dysregulation in horses?
JVIM 10 January 2023. Vol 37 I1 p282-291. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16614. Open Access.
Macon EL, Harris P, Bailey S, Caldwell Barker A, Adams A.
Identifying possible thresholds for nonstructural carbohydrates in the insulin dysregulated horse.
Equine Vet J. 2022 Dec 20. doi: 10.1111/evj.13910. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36537847.
Sundra T, Kelty E, Rendle D
Preliminary observations on the use of ertugliflozin in the management of hyperinsulinaemia and laminitis in 51 horses: A case series
BEVA Equine Veterinary Education published online 17 November 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13738. Open Access.
See also EVE Video Abstract No. 27 Preliminary observations on the use of ertugliflozin
Mendoza FJ, Buzon-Cuevas A, Toribio RE, Perez-Ecija A.
Characterisation of the oral glucose and sugar tolerance tests and the enteroinsular axis response in healthy adult donkeys.
Equine Vet J. 2022 Nov;54(6):1123-1132. doi: 10.1111/evj.13544. Epub 2021 Dec 21. PMID: 34897779.
Keywords: donkeys, glucose, horse, incretins, insulin dysregulation, metabolic syndrome
McLean NL, McGilchrist N, Nielsen BD.
Dietary iron unlikely to cause insulin resistance in horses.
Animals September 2022, 12 (19), 2510. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192510.
Keywords: iron; insulin resistance; racehorse; metabolic disease; nutrition; equine; horse
Kellon EM, Gustafson KM.
Use of the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin for control of refractory equine hyperinsulinemia and laminitis.
Open Vet J. 2022 Jul-Aug;12(4):511-518. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i4.14. Epub 2022 Aug 7. PMID: 36118716; PMCID: PMC9473365.
Cadario M, Archbald L
Effect of endocrinopathies on fertility in the mare. Part 1: Equine metabolic syndrome
Theriogenology Annual Conference July 2022 published September 2022
Jorge-Smeding E, Warnken T, Grob AJ, Feige K, Pudert T, Leung YH, Go YY, Kenez A.
The sphingolipidome of plasma, liver, and adipose tissues and its association with insulin response to oral glucose testing in Icelandic horses.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. Published online 08 August 2022. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00018.2022. Full paper Deepdyve.
Macon EL, Harris P, Barker VD, Adams AA
Seasonal Insulin Responses to the Oral Sugar Test in Healthy and Insulin Dysregulated Horses
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science June 2022 Vol 113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103945
Keywords: Insulin dysregulation, season, metabolic syndrome, NSC, OST
Macon EL, Harris P, Bailey S, Barker VD, Adams A.
Postprandial insulin responses to various feedstuffs differ in insulin dysregulated horses compared with non-insulin dysregulated controls.
Equine Vet J. 2022 May;54(3):574-583. doi: 10.1111/evj.13474. Epub 2021 Jul 8. PMID: 34053111.
Keywords: equine metabolic syndrome; horse; insulin dysregulation; nonstructural carbohydrates.
Knowles EJ, Elliott J, Harris PA, Chang YM, Menzies-Gow NJ.
Predictors of laminitis development in a cohort of non-laminitic ponies.
Equine Vet J. 2022 Mar 9. doi: 10.1111/evj.13572. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35263471.
Macon EL, Harris P, Partridge E, Barker VD, Adams A
Effect of dose and fasting on oral sugar test responses in insulin dysregulated horses
JEVS published online 16 September 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103770
Keywords: Insulin dysregulation, oral sugar test, Equine Metabolic Syndrome, varying oral sugar dose, fasting duration
Leung YH, Kenéz Á, Grob AJ, Feige K, Warnken T.
Associations of plasma sphingolipid profiles with insulin response during oral glucose testing in Icelandic horses.
J Vet Intern Med. 2021 Jul;35(4):2009-2018. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16200. Epub 2021 Jun 8.
Lindåse S, Nostell K, Bergsten P, Forslund A, Bröjer J.
Evaluation of fasting plasma insulin and proxy measurements to assess insulin sensitivity in horses.
BMC Vet Res. 2021 Feb 15;17(1):78. doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02781-5. PMID: 33588833; PMCID: PMC7885592.
Keywords: Beta‐cell response; Endocrine; Equine metabolic syndrome; Insulin dysregulation; Insulin resistance.
Delarocque J, Reiche DB, Meier AD, Warnken T, Feige K, Sillence MN.
Metabolic profile distinguishes laminitis-susceptible and -resistant ponies before and after feeding a high sugar diet.
BMC Vet Res 17, 56 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-021-02763-7
Delarocque J, Frers F, Huber K, Jung K, Feige K, Warnken T.
Metabolic impact of weight variations in Icelandic horses.
PeerJ. 2021 Jan 28;9:e10764. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10764. PMID: 33575132; PMCID: PMC7847705.
Keywords: Equine metabolic syndrome; Insulin dysregulation; Metabolomics; Obesity; Oral glucose test; Pathway analysis.
Carslake HB, Pinchbeck GL, McGowan CM.
Equine metabolic syndrome in UK native ponies and cobs is highly prevalent with modifiable risk factors.
Equine Vet J. 2020 Oct 30. doi: 10.1111/evj.13378. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33128277.
Keywords: EMS; epidemiology; horse; laminitis; obesity; prevalence
Knowles EJ, Grieve L
Clinical insights: Equine obesity
EVJ Sept 2020 52,5 635-638. Published online 04 August 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13307
Box JR, McGowan CM, Raekallio MR, Mykkänen AK, Carslake H, Karikoski NP.
Insulin dysregulation in a population of Finnhorses and associated phenotypic markers of obesity.
J Vet Intern Med. 2020 Jul;34(4):1599-1605. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15782. Epub 2020 Jun 17. PMID: 32557899; PMCID: PMC7379004.
Delarocque J, Frers F, Huber K, Feige K, Warnken T
Weight loss is linearly associated with a reduction of the insulin response to an oral glucose test in Icelandic horses
BMC Veterinary Research Published online 24 May 2020 16:151 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02356-w
Van Den Wollenberg L, Vandendriessche V, van Maanen K, Counotte GHM
Comparison of Two Diagnostic Methods to Detect Insulin Dysregulation in Horses Under Field Conditions
J Equine Vet Sci. May 2020;88:102954. Published online 7 February 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102954 (Full paper is available as .pdf online, search on Van Den Wollenberg & title or click here for cache).
Zak A, Siwinska N, Elzinga S, Barker VD, Stefaniak T, Schanbacher BJ, Place NJ, Niedzwiedz A, Adams AA
Effects of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) on inflammation and acute-phase markers in horses
Domestic Animal Endocrinology published online 14 February 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106448
Lindåse S, Johansson H, Månsby M, Bröjer J
Repeatability of the hyperglycaemic clamp for assessment of β-cell response and insulin sensitivity in horses
Equine Vet J. 2020 Jan;52(1):126-130. doi: 10.1111/evj.13119. Published online 08 May 2019
FoTLS - full paper EVJ free to access 17 December 2019
Elzinga SE, Betancourt A, Stewart JC, Altman MH, Barker VD, Muholland M, Bailey S, Brennan KM, Adams AA.
Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich Microalgae Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Parameters in Horses With Equine Metabolic Syndrome.
J Equine Vet Sci. 2019 Dec;83:102811. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102811. Epub 2019 Oct 21. PMID: 31791524.
Fitzgerald DM
Pasture-associated metabolic derangements of horses: pathogenesis and identification
PhD dissertation November 2019. Queensland University of Technology
Keywords; Adiponectin, adiposity, equine, equine metabolic syndrome, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, hyperinsulinaemia, incretin, insulin dysregulation, laminitis, leptin, non-structural carbohydrate, pony
Meier, Alexandra
Equine insulin dysregulation and laminitis: developing a framework for testing treatment and preventive strategies
PhD thesis November 2019 Queensland University of Technology
Reynolds A, Keen JA, Fordham T, Morgan RA
Adipose tissue dysfunction in obese horses with equine metabolic syndrome
Equine Vet J. 2019 Nov;51(6):760-766. doi: 10.1111/evj.13097. Epub 2019 Apr 10
Leschke DH, Muir GS, Hodgson JK, Coyle M, Horn R, Bertin F-R.
Immunoreactive insulin stability in horses at risk of insulin dysregulation.
J Vet Intern Med. September 2019;1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15629. Open Access.
Keywords: chemiluminescent assay, diagnostic testing, endocrinology, equine metabolic syndrome, laminitis, obesity
Fitzgerald DM, Anderson ST, Sillence MN, de Laat MA.
The cresty neck score is an independent predictor of insulin dysregulation in ponies.
PLoS One. 2019 Jul 24;14(7):e0220203. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220203. PMID: 31339945; PMCID: PMC6655749.
Norton EM, Schultz NE, Rendahl AK, Mcfarlane D, Geor RJ, Mickelson JR, McCue ME
Heritability of metabolic traits associated with equine metabolic syndrome in Welsh ponies and Morgan horses
Equine Vet J. 2019 Jul;51(4):475-480. doi: 10.1111/evj.13053. Epub 2018 Dec 15
Williams CA, Kenny LB, Burk AO.
Effects of grazing system, season, and forage carbohydrates on glucose and insulin dynamics of the grazing horse.
J Anim Sci. 2019 May 30;97(6):2541-2554. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz103. PMID: 30911753; PMCID: PMC6541809.
Keywords: carbohydrate, continuous grazing, equine, glucose, insulin, rotational grazing
Durward-Akhurst SA, Schultz NE, Norton EM, Rendahl AK, Besselink H, Behnisch PA, Brouwer A, Geor RJ, Mickelson JR, McCue ME
Associations between endocrine disrupting chemicals and equine metabolic syndrome phenotypes
Chemosphere. 2019 Mar;218:652-661. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.136. Epub 2018 Nov 26
Nostell K, Lindåse S, Edberg H, Bröjer J
The effect of insulin infusion on heart rate and systemic blood pressure in horses with equine metabolic syndrome
Equine Vet J. published onkline 18 March 2019. doi: 10.1111/evj.13110
Meier A, de Laat M, Reiche D, Fitzgerald D, Sillence M
The efficacy and safety of velagliflozin over 16 weeks as a treatment for insulin dysregulation in ponies
BMC Vet Res February 2019 15, 65. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1811-2
Durham AE, Frank N, McGowan CM, Menzies-Gow NJ, Roelfsema E, Vervuert I, Feige K, Fey K
ECEIM consensus statement on equine metabolic syndrome
J Vet Intern Med. Published online 6 Feb 2019. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15423
Fitzgerald DM, Walsh DM, Sillence MN, Pollitt CC, de Laat MA
Insulin and incretin response to grazing in insulin-dysregulated and healthy ponies
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Volume 33, Issue 1 January/February 2019 Pages 225-232 https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15363
Norton EM, Avila F, Schultz NE, Mickelson JR, Geor RJ, McCue ME
Evaluation of an HMGA2 variant for pleiotropic effects on height and metabolic traits in ponies
J Vet Intern Med. 2019 Jan 21. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15403. [Epub ahead of print]
Bamford NJ, Potter SJ, Baskerville CL, Harris PA, Bailey SR
Influence of dietary restriction and low-intensity exercise on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in obese equids
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine December 2018 33(1) DOI: 10.1111/jvim.153
Marycz K, Kornicka K, Irwin-Houston JM, Weiss C
Combination of resveratrol and 5-azacytydine improves osteogenesis of metabolic syndrome mesenchymal stem cells
J Cell Mol Med. 2018 Oct;22(10):4771-4793. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.13731. Epub 2018 Jul 12
Meier A, Reiche D, de Laat M, Pollitt C, Walsh D, Sillence M
The sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor velagliflozin reduces hyperinsulinemia and prevents laminitis in insulin-dysregulated ponies
PLoS ONE 13(9): e0203655 published 13 Sept 2018. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203655
See also: Drug shows promises in preventing laminitis in at-risk ponies - www.horsetalk.co.nz 24 Sept 2018
DeBoer ML, Hathaway MR, Kuhle KJ, Weber PSD, Reiter AS, Sheaffer CC, Wells MS, Martinson KL
Glucose and Insulin Response of Horses Grazing Alfalfa, Perennial Cool-Season Grass, and Teff Across Seasons
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Volume 68, September 2018, Pages 33-38
DeBoer ML
Forage Quality and Blood Metabolites of Horses Grazing Alfalfa, Cool-Season Perennial Grass and Teff
PhD dissertation July 2018 University of Minnesota
Lindåse S, Müller C, Nostell K, Bröjer J
Evaluation of glucose and insulin response to haylage diets with different content of nonstructural carbohydrates in 2 breeds of horses
Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2018 Jul;64:49-58. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2018.03.006. Epub 2018 Apr 9
de Laat MA, Fitzgerald DM, Sillence MN, Spence RJ
Glucagon-like peptide-2: A potential role in equine insulin dysregulation
Equine Vet Journal published online 04 Mar 2018. doi: 10.1111/evj.12825
Newkirk KM, Ehrensing G, Odoi A, Boston RC, Frank N
Immunohistochemical expression of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin in pancreatic islets of horses with and without insulin resistance
Am J Vet Res. 2018 Feb;79(2):191-198. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.79.2.191
Rapson JL, Schott II HC, Nielsen BD, McCutcheon LJ, Harris PA, Geor RJ
Effects of age and diet on glucose and insulin dynamics in the horse
Equine Veterinary Journal published online Jan 2018
Warnken T, Delarocque J, Schumacher S, Huber K, Feige K
Retrospective analysis of insulin responses to standard dosed oral glucose tests (OGTs) via naso-gastric tubing towards definition of an objective cut-off value
Acta Vet Scand. 2018 Jan 19;60(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13028-018-0358-8
Meier AD, de Laat MA, Reiche DB, Pollitt CC, Walsh DM, McGree JM, Sillence MNDomest Anim
The oral glucose test predicts laminitis risk in ponies fed a diet high in nonstructural carbohydrates
Endocrinol. 2017 Nov 16;63:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.10.008
Cantarelli C, Dau SL, Stefanello S, Azevedo MS, De Bastiani GR, Palma HE, Brass KE, De La Côrte FD
Evaluation of oral sugar test response for detection of equine metabolic syndrome in obese Crioulo horses
Domestic Animal Endocrinology 63 (2018) 31–37 doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.10.006
Bertin FR, de Laat MA
The diagnosis of equine insulin dysregulation
Equine Veterinary Journal Volume 49, Issue 5 September 2017 Pages 570–576
Beythien E, Wulf M, Ille N, Aurich J, Aurich C.
Effects of sex, pregnancy and season on insulin secretion and carbohydrate metabolism in horses.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2017 Sep;184:86-93. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.07.002. Epub 2017 Jul 6. PMID: 28701287.
Keywords: glucose, horse, insulin, pregnancy.
Knowles EJ, Harris PA, Elliott J, Menzies-Gow NJ
Use of the oral sugar test in ponies when performed with or without prior fasting
Equine Vet J. 2017 Jul;49(4):519-524. doi: 10.1111/evj.12607. Epub 2016 Sep 5
Rapson JL MSc thesis Michigan State University 2015
Effects of age and diet on glucose and insulin dynamics in the horse
Morgan RA, McGowan TW, McGowan CM
Prevalence and risk factors for hyperinsulinaemia in ponies in Queensland, Australia
Aust Vet J. 2014 Apr;92(4):101-6
de Graaf-Roelfsema E
Glucose homeostasis and the enteroinsular axis in the horse: A possible role in equine metabolic syndrome
The Veterinary Journal Volume 199, Issue 1, January 2014, Pages 11-18 (DeepDyve)
Rendle DI, Rutledge F, Hughes KJ, Heller J, Durham AE
Effects of metformin hydrochloride on blood glucose and insulin responses to oral dextrose in horses
Equine Veterinary Journal published online 19 Feb 2013
Dugdale AH, Grove-White D, Curtis GC, Harris PA, Argo CM.
Body condition scoring as a predictor of body fat in horses and ponies.
Vet J. 2012 May 10. [Epub ahead of print]
RIRDC Dec 2011
Insulin-Induced Laminitis - An investigation of the disease mechanism in horses
Melody de Laat, Martin Sillence, Catherine McGowan and Christopher Pollitt
Dugdale, Alex (2011), Doctoral thesis, University of Liverpool.
Aspects of adiposity in ponies
Dugdale AH, Curtis GC, Milne E, Harris PA, Argo CM.
Assessment of body fat in the pony: part II. Validation of the deuterium oxide dilution technique for the measurement of body fat.
Equine Vet J. 2011 Sep;43(5):562-70.
Dugdale AH, Curtis GC, Harris PA, Argo CM.
Assessment of body fat in the pony: part I. Relationships between the anatomical distribution of adipose tissue, body composition and body condition.
Equine Vet J. 2011 Sep;43(5):552-61.
Dugdale AH, Curtis GC, Cripps PJ, Harris PA, Argo CM.
Effects of season and body condition on appetite, body mass and body composition in ad libitum fed pony mares.
Vet J. 2011 Dec;190(3):329-37. Epub 2010 Dec 10.
Equine Veterinary Journal. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00475.x (2011)
Use of proxy measurements of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretory response to distinguish between normal and previously laminitic ponies
Borer KE, Bailey SR, Menzies-Gow NJ, Harris PA, Elliott J
Intravenous injection of insulin for measuring insulin sensitivity in horses: effects of epinephrine, feeding regimen, and supplementation with cinnamon or fish oil
Earl LR, MSc thesis 2011
Equine vet J 2011 43 (2) 196-201
Glucose transport in the equine hoof
Asplin K, Curlewis J, McGowan C, Pollitt C, Sillence M
Dugdale AH, Curtis GC, Cripps P, Harris PA, Argo CM.
Effect of dietary restriction on body condition, composition and welfare of overweight and obese pony mares.
Equine Vet J. 2010 Oct;42(7):600-10.
Equine vet. J. (2010) 42 (2) 129-135
Equine laminitis: Induced by 48 h hyperinsulinaemia in Standardbred horses
de Laat MA, McGowan CM, Sillence MN, Pollitt CC
Diagnosis and Management of Horses with Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS)
Chameroy KA, PhD dissertation 2010
Carter RA, McCutcheon LJ, George LA, Smith TL, Frank N, Geor RJ
Effects of diet-induced weight gain on insulin sensitivity and plasma hormone and lipid concentrations in horses
Am J Vet Res. 2009 Oct;70(10):1250-8
Insulin Resistance and Laminitis in Horses
Horn I, thesis 2009
Prevalence, risk factors and seasonality of plasma insulin concentrations in normal horses in central Ohio
Muno JD, MSc thesis 2009
Am J Vet Res 2008 Jan;69(1):122-9
Hypertension and insulin resistance in a mixed-breed population of ponies predisposed to laminitis
Bailey S, Habershon-Butcher J, Ransom K, Elliott J, Menzies-Gow N
The Veterinary Journal Vol 174, Issue 3, November 2007, Pages 530-535
Induction of laminitis by prolonged hyperinsulinaemia in clinically normal ponies
Katie E. Asplin, Martin N. Sillence, Christopher C. Pollitt and Catherine M. McGowan
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2007, 39: 567–575
Factors affecting clinical assessment of insulin sensitivity in horses
Firshman AM, Valberg SJ
.JAVMA, Vol 228, No. 9, May 1, 2006
Physical characteristics, blood hormone concentrations, and plasma lipid concentrations in obese horses with insulin resistance.
Frank N, Elliott SB, Brandt LE, Keisler DH
J ANIM SCI June 2005 vol. 83 no. 13 suppl E22-E31
Insulin resistance in the horse: Definition, detection, and dietetics
Kronfeld DS, Treiber KH, Hess TM, Boston RC
Powell DM, Reedy SE, Sessions DR, Fitzgerald BP.
Effect of short-term exercise training on insulin sensitivity in obese and lean mares.
Equine Vet J Suppl. 2002 Sep;(34):81-4. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05396.x. PMID: 12405664.
Research relating to EMS/ID and PPID
Li FI, Spence RJ, de Laat MA, Harris PA, Sonntag J, Menzies-Gow NJ, Durham AE, Bailey SR, Sillence MN.
Association between insulin dysregulation and adrenocorticotropic hormone in aged horses and ponies with no clinical signs of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.
Equine Vet J. 2023 Jan 15. doi: 10.1111/evj.13925. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36641787. Open Access.
Keywords: cortisol, horse, insulin, pony, ACTH
de Laat Ma, Sillence MN
A review of recent developments in the pharmagological prevention and treatment of endocrinopathic laminitis
Animal Production Science published online 16 June 2020. doi.org/10.1071/AN19491
Hodge E, Kowalski A, Torcivia C, Lindborg S, Stefanovski D, Hart K, Frank N, van Eps A
Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation testing on the oral sugar test in horses when performed as a combined protocol
J Vet Intern Med. 2019 Sep;33(5):2272-2279. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15601. Epub 2019 Aug 20
Horn R, Bertin FR
Evaluation of combined testing to simultaneously diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and insulin dysregulation in horses
J Vet Intern Med. 2019 Sep;33(5):2249-2256. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15617. Epub 2019 Sep 9
Knowles EJ
Does pergolide therapy prevent laminitis in horses diagnosed with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction?
Equine Veterinary Education May 2019 Vol 31,5 pp 278-280. Published online 24 Feb 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.12903
McFarlane D
Diagnostic Testing for Equine Endocrine Diseases
Veterinary Clinics: Equine Practice published online May 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2019.03.005
Horn R, Bamford NJ, Afonso T, Sutherland M, Buckerfield J, Tan RHH, Secombe CJ, Stewart AJ, Bertin FR
Factors associated with survival, laminitis and insulin dysregulation in horses diagnosed with equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Equine Veterinary Journal published online 12 November 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13041
Frank N
Endocrine Disorders of the Equine Athlete
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. Published online May 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2018.04.003
Tadros EM, Fowlie JG, Refsal KR, Marteniuk J, Schott HC 2nd
Association between hyperinsulinemia and laminitis severity at the time of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction diagnosis
Equine Vet J. Published online 2018 May 14. doi: 10.1111/evj.12963
Durham AE
Therapeutics for Equine Endocrine Disorders
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2017 Apr;33(1):127-139. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2016.11.003. Epub 2017 Feb 9
Sojka-Kritchevsky JE, Johnson PJ
Current status and future directions: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and equine metabolic syndrome
Equine Veterinary Journal, 46: 99–102 Published online 11 Dec 2013
Proceedings of the 50th BEVA Congress September 2011
Inter-relationships of hyperinsulinaemia and PPID
Andy Durham
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Vol 29, No 2 (2009)
Correlation of Plasma Insulin Concentration with Laminitis Score in a Field Study of Equine Cushing’s Disease and Equine Metabolic Syndrome
Walsh DM, McGowan CM, McGowan T, Lamb SV, Schanbacher BJ, Place NJ
Li FI, Spence RJ, de Laat MA, Harris PA, Sonntag J, Menzies-Gow NJ, Durham AE, Bailey SR, Sillence MN.
Association between insulin dysregulation and adrenocorticotropic hormone in aged horses and ponies with no clinical signs of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.
Equine Vet J. 2023 Jan 15. doi: 10.1111/evj.13925. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36641787. Open Access.
Keywords: cortisol, horse, insulin, pony, ACTH
de Laat Ma, Sillence MN
A review of recent developments in the pharmagological prevention and treatment of endocrinopathic laminitis
Animal Production Science published online 16 June 2020. doi.org/10.1071/AN19491
Hodge E, Kowalski A, Torcivia C, Lindborg S, Stefanovski D, Hart K, Frank N, van Eps A
Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation testing on the oral sugar test in horses when performed as a combined protocol
J Vet Intern Med. 2019 Sep;33(5):2272-2279. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15601. Epub 2019 Aug 20
Horn R, Bertin FR
Evaluation of combined testing to simultaneously diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and insulin dysregulation in horses
J Vet Intern Med. 2019 Sep;33(5):2249-2256. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15617. Epub 2019 Sep 9
Knowles EJ
Does pergolide therapy prevent laminitis in horses diagnosed with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction?
Equine Veterinary Education May 2019 Vol 31,5 pp 278-280. Published online 24 Feb 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.12903
McFarlane D
Diagnostic Testing for Equine Endocrine Diseases
Veterinary Clinics: Equine Practice published online May 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2019.03.005
Horn R, Bamford NJ, Afonso T, Sutherland M, Buckerfield J, Tan RHH, Secombe CJ, Stewart AJ, Bertin FR
Factors associated with survival, laminitis and insulin dysregulation in horses diagnosed with equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Equine Veterinary Journal published online 12 November 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13041
Frank N
Endocrine Disorders of the Equine Athlete
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. Published online May 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2018.04.003
Tadros EM, Fowlie JG, Refsal KR, Marteniuk J, Schott HC 2nd
Association between hyperinsulinemia and laminitis severity at the time of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction diagnosis
Equine Vet J. Published online 2018 May 14. doi: 10.1111/evj.12963
Durham AE
Therapeutics for Equine Endocrine Disorders
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2017 Apr;33(1):127-139. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2016.11.003. Epub 2017 Feb 9
Sojka-Kritchevsky JE, Johnson PJ
Current status and future directions: Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and equine metabolic syndrome
Equine Veterinary Journal, 46: 99–102 Published online 11 Dec 2013
Proceedings of the 50th BEVA Congress September 2011
Inter-relationships of hyperinsulinaemia and PPID
Andy Durham
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Vol 29, No 2 (2009)
Correlation of Plasma Insulin Concentration with Laminitis Score in a Field Study of Equine Cushing’s Disease and Equine Metabolic Syndrome
Walsh DM, McGowan CM, McGowan T, Lamb SV, Schanbacher BJ, Place NJ
Research relating to PPID
Galinelli NC, Bailey SR, Bamford NJ, Harris PA
Nutritional considerations for the management of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Equine Veterinary Education January 2023 Vol 35, issue 1, pages 33-44. Published online November 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13593
Kirkwood, Naomi C; Hughes, Kristopher J; Stewart, Allison J.
Review Article: Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID) in Horses.
Veterinary Sciences October 2022, 9, 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100556
Kirkwood NC, Hughes KJ, Stewart AJ.
Prospective Case Series of Clinical Signs and Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) Concentrations in Seven Horses Transitioning to Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID).
Vet Sci. 2022 Oct 17;9(10):572. doi: 10.3390/vetsci9100572. PMID: 36288186; PMCID: PMC9607114. Open Access.
Cadario M, Archbald L
Effect of endocrinopathies on fertility in the mare. Part 2: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Theriogenology Annual Conference July 2022 published September 2022
Durham AE, Potier JF, Huber L
The effect of month and breed on plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in equids
The Veterinary Journal August 2022 Vol 286 105857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105857. View preprint full paper on SSRN.
Durham AE.
The effect of pergolide mesylate on adrenocorticotrophic hormone responses to exogenous thyrotropin releasing hormone in horses.
Vet J. 2022 Jul;285:105831. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105831. Epub 2022 Apr 25. PMID: 35477010.
Keywords: ACTH; Horse; PPID; Pergolide; TRH stimulation test.
Hinrichsen SL, Yuen KY, Dryburgh EL, Bertin F-R, Stewart AJ
Short-Term Effects of Temperature and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation on Adrenocorticotropin Stability in Horses
Animals January 2022 12, no. 3: 324. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030324
Nitzsche AM, Fey K, Büttner K, Gröf M, Staszyk C.
The Gingiva of Horses With Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction: A Macroscopic Anatomical Evaluation.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Jan 25;8:786971. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.786971. PMID: 35146012; PMCID: PMC8821874.
Thane K, Uricchio C, Frank N.
Effect of early or late blood sampling on thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test results in horses.
J Vet Intern Med. published on line January 2022. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16362. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35049089.
Kam YN, McKenzie K, Coyle M, Bertin F-R.
Repeatability of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test for diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in mature horses.
J Vet Intern Med. Nov/Dec 2021;35(6): 2885-2890. doi:10.1111/jvim.16281.
Gehlen H, Fisch J, Merle R, Trachsel DS.
Preliminary study on the effects of pergolide on left ventricular function in the horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.
J Vet Sci. 2021 Sep;22(5):e64. doi: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e64. PMID: 34553515; PMCID: PMC8460455.
Keywords: Ultrasonography, heart, horses, equine Cushing syndrome, tissue Doppler echocardiography, speckle tracking
Tatum RC, McGowan CM, Ireland JL.
Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of basal plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone concentration for diagnosing pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses: A systematic review.
Vet J. 2021 Sep;275:105695. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105695. Epub 2021 May 21. PMID: 34099343.
Fortin JS, Hetak AA, Duggan KE, Burglass CM, Penticoff HB, Schott II HC
Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: a spontaneous model of synucleinopathy
Scientific Reports August 2021 11, 16036. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95396-7. Open Access.
Meyer JC, Hunyadi LM, Ordóñez-Mena JM
The accuracy of ACTH as a biomarker for Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction in horses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Equine Vet J. 2021 Aug 24. doi: 10.1111/evj.13500. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34428330
See also A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the diagnosic accuracy of baseline ACTH for the diagnosis of PPID in adult horses and ponies by James Meyer 4th Global Equine Endocrine Symposium 2020 p8
Banse HE, Whitehead AE, McFarlane D, Chelikani PK
Markers of muscle atrophy and impact of treatment with pergolide in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and muscle atrophy
Domestic Animal Endocrinology July 2021 Vol 76. Published online 18 February 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106620.
Keywords: Proteolysis; Weight loss; Equine; Insulin; Adiposity
Miller AB, Loynachan AT, Bush HM, Hart KA, Barker VD, Campana-Emard AG, Grubbs ST, Adams AA.
Effects of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and Prascend (pergolide tablets) treatment on endocrine and immune function in horses.
Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2021 Jan;74:106531. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106531. Epub 2020 Jul 29. PMID: 32942194.
ACTH; Cortisol; Equine; Immune; PPID; Pergolide.
Tatum RC, McGowan CM, Dean RS, Ireland JL.
Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: Identifying research priorities for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis through a priority setting partnership.
PLoS One. 2021 Jan 4;16(1):e0244784. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244784. PMID: 33395695; PMCID: PMC7781667.
Horn R, Stewart AJ, Jackson KV, Dryburgh EL, Medina-Torres CE, Bertin FR
Clinical implications of using adrenocorticotropic hormone diagnostic cutoffs or reference intervals to diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in mature horses
J Vet Intern Med. Published online 24 Dec 2020. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16017
Tatum RC, McGowan CM, Ireland JL
Efficacy of pergolide for the management of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: A systematic review
The Veterinary Journal published online 08 October 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105562
Bamford NJ, Harris PA, Bailey SR
Circannual variation in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations and dexamethasone suppression test results in Standardbred horses, Andalusian horses and mixed‐breed ponies
Australian Veterinary Journal published online 01 October 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13022
Fortin JS, Benskey MJ, Lookingland KJ, Petterson JS, Howey EB, Goudreau JL, Schott II HC
Restoring pars intermedia dopamine concentrations and tyrosine hydroxylase expression levels with pergolide: evidence from horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.
BMC Vet Res September 2020 16, 356. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02565-3
Dopamine agonist, Equine, Parkinson disease animal model, Pituitary pars intermedia adenoma
Durham AE, Clarke BR, Potier JFN, Hammarstrand R, Malone GL
Clinically and temporally specific diagnostic thresholds for plasma ACTH in the horse
Equine Veterinary Journal published online 29 May 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13292
Hu K, Stewart AJ, Yuen KY, Hinrichsen S, Dryburgh EL, Bertin FR
The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on determination of immunoreactive plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone concentrations in horses
J Vet Intern Med. 2020 May;34(3):1350-1356. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15771. Epub 2020 Apr 7. PMID: 32255541; PMCID: PMC7255672
McGilvray TA, Knowles EJ, Harris PA, Menzies-Gow NJ
Comparison of immunofluorescence and chemiluminescence assays for measuring ACTH in equine plasma
Equine Vet J. published online 18 Jan 2020. doi: 10.1111/evj.13227
Breuhaus A
Thyroid Hormone and Thyrotropin Concentrations and Responses to Thyrotropin-Stimulating Hormone in Horses with PPID Compared with Age-Matched Normal Horses
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Volume 75, April 2019, Pages 35-40 (Online 30 January 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.01.008
Miller, Ashton B
Effects of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfuction and Prascend Treatment on Endocrine and Immune function in Senior Horses.
2019 July PhD Dissertations Veterinary Science 41. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/41
Rendle DI, Doran G, Ireland J, Edwards S
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pergolide mesylate after oral administration in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Domestic Animal Endocrinology Volume 68, July 2019, Pages 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.01.008
Keywords: Dopamine agonist, Endocrine, Equine Cushing's disease, Laminitis
Morgan RA, Keen JA, Homer N, Nixon M, McKinnon-Garvin A, Moses-Williams J, Davis S, Hadoke PWF, Walker BR
Dysregulation of cortisol metabolism in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Endocrinology. 2018 Oct 4. doi: 10.1210/en.2018-00726. [Epub ahead of print]
Rendle DI, Frost R, Byrne A
Efficacy of a novel palatable pergolide paste formulation for the treatment of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in ponies
EVJ Sept 2018 Vol 50, Issue S52 Clinical Research Abstracts of the BEVA Congress September 2018 P 12-13
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.16_13008
Knowles EJ, Moreton-Clack MC, Shaw S, Harris PA, Elliott J, Menzies-Gow NJ
Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations in ponies measured by two different assays suggests seasonal cross-reactivity or interference
Equine Vet J. 2018 Sep;50(5):672-677. doi: 10.1111/evj.12797. Epub 2018 Feb 6
See also: EVJ In Conversation Podcast, No 28, April 2018- Plasma ACTH concentrations in ponies measured by two different assays with Edd Knowles
Byrne DP, Secombe CJ, Tan RHH, Perera DI, Watts SP, Wearn JG
Circannual variability in adrenocorticotropic hormone responses to administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in clinically normal horses in Australia
Vet J. 2018 Aug;238:58-62. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.07.008. Epub 2018 Jul 19
Secombe CJ, Bailey SR, de Laat MA, Hughes KJ, Stewart AS, Sonis JM, Tan R
Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: current understanding and recommendations from the Australian and New Zealand Equine Endocrine Group
Aust Vet J. Published online June 2018. doi: 10.1111/avj.12716
Christen G, Gerber V, van der Kolk JH, Frey CF, Fouché N
Fecal strongyle egg counts in horses with suspected pre-clinical pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction before and after treatment with pergolide
The Veterinary Journal May 2018 Volume 235, Pages 60-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.03.007 (DeepDyve)
Ireland JL, McGowan CM
Epidemiology of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: A systematic literature review of clinical presentation, disease prevalence and risk factors
Vet J. 2018 May;235:22-33. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.03.002. Epub 2018 Mar 8
Banse HE, Schultz N, McCue M, Geor R, McFarlane D
Comparison of two methods for measurement of equine adrenocorticotropin
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2018 Mar;30(2):233-237. doi: 10.1177/1040638717752216. Epub 2017 Dec 28 (PubMed)
Hofberger SC, Gauff F, Thaller D, Morgan R, Keen JA, Licka TF
Assessment of tissue-specific cortisol activity with regard to degeneration of the suspensory ligaments in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Am J Vet Res. 2018 Feb;79(2):199-210. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.79.2.199
Carmalt JL, Mortazavi S, McOnie RC, Allen AL, Unniappan S
Profiles of proopiomelanocortin and encoded peptides, and their processing enzymes in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
PLoS ONE Jan 2018 13(1): e0190796. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal
Jacob SI, Geor RJ, Weber PSD, Harris PA, McCue ME
Effect of dietary carbohydrates and time of year on ACTH and cortisol concentrations in adult and aged horses
Domest Anim Endocrinol. Published online 2017 Nov 1;63:15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.10.005
Carmalt JL, Waldner CL, Allen AL
Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: An international survey of veterinarians' approach to diagnosis, management, and estimated prevalence
Can J Vet Res. 2017 Oct;81(4):261-269
Secombe CJ, Tan RHH, Perara DI, Byrne DP, Watts SP, Wearn JG.
The Effect of Geographic Location on Circannual Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Plasma Concentrations in Horses in Australia.
J Vet Intern Med Sep-Oct 2017;31(5):1533-1540. Published online 29 June 2017. doi:10.1111/jvim.14782
Carmalt, James Lawrence
Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID): Pathophysiology and a Surgical Approach to Treatment
PhD thesis University of Saskatchewan June 2017
Ujvari S, Gerber V, Sieme H, Fouché N, Burger D
Effect of Pergolide Therapy on Semen Parameters in a Stallion With Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction
JEVS November 2017 Volume 58, Pages 64–67
McFarlane D, Banse H, Knych HK, Maxwell LK
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of pergolide mesylate following long-term administration to horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Jun 15. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12339. [Epub ahead of print]
Miller MA, Moore GE, Bertin FR, Kritchevsky JE
What's New in Old Horses? Postmortem Diagnoses in Mature and Aged Equids
Vet Pathol. 2016 Mar;53(2):390-8. doi: 10.1177/0300985815608674. Epub 2015 Oct 12
Goulet C, Olive J, Rossier Y, Beauchamp G
Radiographic and anatomic characteristics of dorsal hoof wall layers in nonlaminitic horses
Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2015 Nov-Dec;56(6):589-94. doi: 10.1111/vru.12280. Epub 2015 Jul 31
Spelta CW
Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: current perspectives on diagnosis and management
Dovepress 20 August 2015 Volume 2015:6 Pages 293—300 https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S74191
Hofberger S, Gauff F, Licka T
Suspensory ligament degeneration associated with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses
Vet J. 2015 Mar;203(3):348-50. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.12.037. Epub 2015 Jan 6
DeepDyve
Rendle DI, Duz M, Beech J, Parkin T, Durham AE
Investigation of Single and Paired Measurements of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone for the Diagnosis of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction in Horses
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Volume 29, Issue 1, pages 355–361, January/February 2015
De Vries, Jennifer L MSc thesis Michigan State University 2015
Mechanism of intestinal and skeletal muscle glucose and amino acid uptake in Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction
Am J Vet Res. 2014 Jul;75(7):658-67. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.75.7.658
Whole-body phenylalanine kinetics and skeletal muscle protein signaling in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Mastro LM, Adams AA, Urschel KL
Rendle DI, Litchfield E, Heller J, Hughes K J
Investigation of rhythms of secretion and repeatability of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in healthy horses and horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Equine Veterinary Journal Vol 46, Issue 1, pages 113–117, January 2014 (published online Aug 2013)
Bradaric Z, May A, Gehlen H
Use of the chasteberry preparation Corticosal® for the treatment of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses
Pferdeheilkunde 29 (2013) 6 (November/Dezember) 721-728
Nolf M, Guidi M, Rannou B, Gestin C, Leblond A
Prevalence and early clinical signs of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses older than 10 years in France
Proceedings WEVA Oct 2013 (IVIS)
Mastro Laurel M 2013 University of Kentucky MSc thesis
The effect of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction on Protein Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity in Aged Horses
Aust Vet J. 2012 Nov;90(11):451-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00997.x. Epub 2012 Oct 11
Case series of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in a tropical climate
Spelta CW1, Axon JE
Beech J, Boston R, Lindborg S
Comparison of cortisol and ACTH responses after administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone in normal horses and those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
J Vet Intern Med. 2011 Nov-Dec;25(6):1431-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00810.x. Epub 2011 Oct 7
IVIS - BEPS 19 November 2011
An update on the diagnosis and treatment of Equine Cushing's Disease
Andy Durham
Equine Veterinary Journal August 2011
Circannual variation in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in the UK in normal horses and ponies, and those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Copas VEN, Durham AE
J Vet Intern Med. 2011 May-Jun;25(3):579-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0712.x. Epub 2011 Apr 1.
Seasonal changes in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in normal, aged horses.
Funk RA, Stewart AJ, Wooldridge AA, Kwessi E, Kemppainen RJ, Behrend EN, Zhong Q, Johnson AK
Klinkhamer K, Menheere P, van der Kolk J
Basal glucose metabolism and peripheral insulin sensitivity in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Veterinary Quarterly 2011, 31:1, 19-28, DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2011.570127
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Article in Press March 2011
The Effect of Season on the Histologic and Histomorphometric Appearance of the Equine Pituitary Gland
Cordero M, McFarlane D, Breshears MA, Miller LM, Miller MA, Duckett WM
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 25: 872–881
The Effect of Geographic Location, Breed, and Pituitary Dysfunction on Seasonal Adrenocorticotropin and α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Plasma Concentrations in Horses
McFarlane, D., Paradis, M., Zimmel, D., Sykes, B., Brorsen, B., Sanchez, A. and Vainio, K. (2011),
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2011 May 15;238(10):1305-15.
α-Melanocyte--stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropin concentrations in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and comparison with adrenocorticotropin concentration after domperidone administration in healthy horses and horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Beech J, McFarlane D, Lindborg S, Sojka JE, Boston RC
Effects of PPID, season and pasture diet on blood, ACTH and metabolite concentrations in horses
Sarah B Elliott, MSc thesis, University of Tennessee December 2010
J Vet Intern Med. 2010 Sep-Oct;24(5):1167-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0547.x. Epub 2010 Jul 28.
Association of season and pasture grazing with blood hormone and metabolite concentrations in horses with presumed pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.
Frank N, Elliott SB, Chameroy KA, Tóth F, Chumbler NS, McClamroch R.
Pathogenesis and diagnosis of equine Cushing's disease (Proceedings) Apr 1, 2010
Harold C. Schott II, DVM, PhD, DACVIM
CVC IN BALTIMORE PROCEEDINGS
Gehring R, Beard LA, Wright A, Coetzee JF, Havel J, Apley MD
Single-Dose Oral Pharmacokinetics of Pergolide Mesylate in Healthy Adult Mares
Vet Ther. 2010 Spring;11(1):E1-8
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009 Sep 15;235(6):715-22.
Evaluation of plasma ACTH, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and insulin concentrations during various photoperiods in clinically normal horses and ponies and those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.
Beech J, Boston RC, McFarlane D, Lindborg S
Vet Pathol 45:26–38 (2008)
Correlation of Pituitary Histomorphometry with Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone Response to Domperidone Administration in the Diagnosis of Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction
Miller MA, Pardo ID, Jackson LP, Moore GE, Sojka JE
J Vet Intern Med. 2006 Jul-Aug;20(4):987-93. (PubMed)
Evaluation of the combined dexamethasone suppression/ thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test for detection of pars intermedia pituitary adenomas in horses.
Frank N, Andrews FM, Sommardahl CS, Eiler H, Rohrbach BW, Donnell RL
AAEP 2006
Role of the Equine Hypothalamic-Pituitary Pars Intermedia Axis in Health and Disease
Dianne McFarlane, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM
J Vet Intern Med 2005;19:217–222
Variation in Plasma Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Concentration and Dexamethasone Suppression Test Results with Season, Age, and Sex in Healthy Ponies and Horses
Mark T. Donaldson, Sue M. McDonnell, Barbara J. Schanbacher, Stephen V. Lamb, Dianne McFarlane, and Jill Beech
Donaldson MT, Jorgensen AJ, Beech J
Evaluation of suspected pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses with laminitis
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004 Apr 1;224(7):1123-7.
AAEP 2003
The Role of Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (Equine Cushing's Disease)
McFarlane D, Donaldson M, Saleh T, Cribb A
PERKINS, G. A., LAMB, S., ERB, H. N., SCHANBACHER, B., NYDAM, D. V. and DIVERS, T. J. (2002),
Plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) concentrations and clinical response in horses treated for equine Cushing's disease with cyproheptadine or pergolide.
Equine Veterinary Journal, 34: 679–685. doi: 10.2746/042516402776250333
Evaluation of the normal equine pituitary gland
Tori McKlveen MSc thesis 2002
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van der Kolk JH, Klein WR, van der Putten SW, Mol JA.
Nutritional considerations for the management of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Equine Veterinary Education January 2023 Vol 35, issue 1, pages 33-44. Published online November 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13593
Kirkwood, Naomi C; Hughes, Kristopher J; Stewart, Allison J.
Review Article: Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID) in Horses.
Veterinary Sciences October 2022, 9, 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100556
Kirkwood NC, Hughes KJ, Stewart AJ.
Prospective Case Series of Clinical Signs and Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) Concentrations in Seven Horses Transitioning to Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID).
Vet Sci. 2022 Oct 17;9(10):572. doi: 10.3390/vetsci9100572. PMID: 36288186; PMCID: PMC9607114. Open Access.
Cadario M, Archbald L
Effect of endocrinopathies on fertility in the mare. Part 2: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Theriogenology Annual Conference July 2022 published September 2022
Durham AE, Potier JF, Huber L
The effect of month and breed on plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in equids
The Veterinary Journal August 2022 Vol 286 105857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105857. View preprint full paper on SSRN.
Durham AE.
The effect of pergolide mesylate on adrenocorticotrophic hormone responses to exogenous thyrotropin releasing hormone in horses.
Vet J. 2022 Jul;285:105831. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105831. Epub 2022 Apr 25. PMID: 35477010.
Keywords: ACTH; Horse; PPID; Pergolide; TRH stimulation test.
Hinrichsen SL, Yuen KY, Dryburgh EL, Bertin F-R, Stewart AJ
Short-Term Effects of Temperature and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation on Adrenocorticotropin Stability in Horses
Animals January 2022 12, no. 3: 324. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030324
Nitzsche AM, Fey K, Büttner K, Gröf M, Staszyk C.
The Gingiva of Horses With Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction: A Macroscopic Anatomical Evaluation.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Jan 25;8:786971. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.786971. PMID: 35146012; PMCID: PMC8821874.
Thane K, Uricchio C, Frank N.
Effect of early or late blood sampling on thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test results in horses.
J Vet Intern Med. published on line January 2022. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16362. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35049089.
Kam YN, McKenzie K, Coyle M, Bertin F-R.
Repeatability of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test for diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in mature horses.
J Vet Intern Med. Nov/Dec 2021;35(6): 2885-2890. doi:10.1111/jvim.16281.
Gehlen H, Fisch J, Merle R, Trachsel DS.
Preliminary study on the effects of pergolide on left ventricular function in the horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.
J Vet Sci. 2021 Sep;22(5):e64. doi: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e64. PMID: 34553515; PMCID: PMC8460455.
Keywords: Ultrasonography, heart, horses, equine Cushing syndrome, tissue Doppler echocardiography, speckle tracking
Tatum RC, McGowan CM, Ireland JL.
Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of basal plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone concentration for diagnosing pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses: A systematic review.
Vet J. 2021 Sep;275:105695. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105695. Epub 2021 May 21. PMID: 34099343.
Fortin JS, Hetak AA, Duggan KE, Burglass CM, Penticoff HB, Schott II HC
Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: a spontaneous model of synucleinopathy
Scientific Reports August 2021 11, 16036. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95396-7. Open Access.
Meyer JC, Hunyadi LM, Ordóñez-Mena JM
The accuracy of ACTH as a biomarker for Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction in horses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Equine Vet J. 2021 Aug 24. doi: 10.1111/evj.13500. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34428330
See also A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the diagnosic accuracy of baseline ACTH for the diagnosis of PPID in adult horses and ponies by James Meyer 4th Global Equine Endocrine Symposium 2020 p8
Banse HE, Whitehead AE, McFarlane D, Chelikani PK
Markers of muscle atrophy and impact of treatment with pergolide in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and muscle atrophy
Domestic Animal Endocrinology July 2021 Vol 76. Published online 18 February 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106620.
Keywords: Proteolysis; Weight loss; Equine; Insulin; Adiposity
Miller AB, Loynachan AT, Bush HM, Hart KA, Barker VD, Campana-Emard AG, Grubbs ST, Adams AA.
Effects of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and Prascend (pergolide tablets) treatment on endocrine and immune function in horses.
Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2021 Jan;74:106531. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106531. Epub 2020 Jul 29. PMID: 32942194.
ACTH; Cortisol; Equine; Immune; PPID; Pergolide.
Tatum RC, McGowan CM, Dean RS, Ireland JL.
Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: Identifying research priorities for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis through a priority setting partnership.
PLoS One. 2021 Jan 4;16(1):e0244784. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244784. PMID: 33395695; PMCID: PMC7781667.
Horn R, Stewart AJ, Jackson KV, Dryburgh EL, Medina-Torres CE, Bertin FR
Clinical implications of using adrenocorticotropic hormone diagnostic cutoffs or reference intervals to diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in mature horses
J Vet Intern Med. Published online 24 Dec 2020. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16017
Tatum RC, McGowan CM, Ireland JL
Efficacy of pergolide for the management of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: A systematic review
The Veterinary Journal published online 08 October 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105562
Bamford NJ, Harris PA, Bailey SR
Circannual variation in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations and dexamethasone suppression test results in Standardbred horses, Andalusian horses and mixed‐breed ponies
Australian Veterinary Journal published online 01 October 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.13022
Fortin JS, Benskey MJ, Lookingland KJ, Petterson JS, Howey EB, Goudreau JL, Schott II HC
Restoring pars intermedia dopamine concentrations and tyrosine hydroxylase expression levels with pergolide: evidence from horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.
BMC Vet Res September 2020 16, 356. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02565-3
Dopamine agonist, Equine, Parkinson disease animal model, Pituitary pars intermedia adenoma
Durham AE, Clarke BR, Potier JFN, Hammarstrand R, Malone GL
Clinically and temporally specific diagnostic thresholds for plasma ACTH in the horse
Equine Veterinary Journal published online 29 May 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13292
Hu K, Stewart AJ, Yuen KY, Hinrichsen S, Dryburgh EL, Bertin FR
The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on determination of immunoreactive plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone concentrations in horses
J Vet Intern Med. 2020 May;34(3):1350-1356. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15771. Epub 2020 Apr 7. PMID: 32255541; PMCID: PMC7255672
McGilvray TA, Knowles EJ, Harris PA, Menzies-Gow NJ
Comparison of immunofluorescence and chemiluminescence assays for measuring ACTH in equine plasma
Equine Vet J. published online 18 Jan 2020. doi: 10.1111/evj.13227
Breuhaus A
Thyroid Hormone and Thyrotropin Concentrations and Responses to Thyrotropin-Stimulating Hormone in Horses with PPID Compared with Age-Matched Normal Horses
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Volume 75, April 2019, Pages 35-40 (Online 30 January 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.01.008
Miller, Ashton B
Effects of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfuction and Prascend Treatment on Endocrine and Immune function in Senior Horses.
2019 July PhD Dissertations Veterinary Science 41. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/41
Rendle DI, Doran G, Ireland J, Edwards S
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pergolide mesylate after oral administration in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Domestic Animal Endocrinology Volume 68, July 2019, Pages 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.01.008
Keywords: Dopamine agonist, Endocrine, Equine Cushing's disease, Laminitis
Morgan RA, Keen JA, Homer N, Nixon M, McKinnon-Garvin A, Moses-Williams J, Davis S, Hadoke PWF, Walker BR
Dysregulation of cortisol metabolism in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Endocrinology. 2018 Oct 4. doi: 10.1210/en.2018-00726. [Epub ahead of print]
Rendle DI, Frost R, Byrne A
Efficacy of a novel palatable pergolide paste formulation for the treatment of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in ponies
EVJ Sept 2018 Vol 50, Issue S52 Clinical Research Abstracts of the BEVA Congress September 2018 P 12-13
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.16_13008
Knowles EJ, Moreton-Clack MC, Shaw S, Harris PA, Elliott J, Menzies-Gow NJ
Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations in ponies measured by two different assays suggests seasonal cross-reactivity or interference
Equine Vet J. 2018 Sep;50(5):672-677. doi: 10.1111/evj.12797. Epub 2018 Feb 6
See also: EVJ In Conversation Podcast, No 28, April 2018- Plasma ACTH concentrations in ponies measured by two different assays with Edd Knowles
Byrne DP, Secombe CJ, Tan RHH, Perera DI, Watts SP, Wearn JG
Circannual variability in adrenocorticotropic hormone responses to administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in clinically normal horses in Australia
Vet J. 2018 Aug;238:58-62. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.07.008. Epub 2018 Jul 19
Secombe CJ, Bailey SR, de Laat MA, Hughes KJ, Stewart AS, Sonis JM, Tan R
Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: current understanding and recommendations from the Australian and New Zealand Equine Endocrine Group
Aust Vet J. Published online June 2018. doi: 10.1111/avj.12716
Christen G, Gerber V, van der Kolk JH, Frey CF, Fouché N
Fecal strongyle egg counts in horses with suspected pre-clinical pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction before and after treatment with pergolide
The Veterinary Journal May 2018 Volume 235, Pages 60-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.03.007 (DeepDyve)
Ireland JL, McGowan CM
Epidemiology of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: A systematic literature review of clinical presentation, disease prevalence and risk factors
Vet J. 2018 May;235:22-33. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.03.002. Epub 2018 Mar 8
Banse HE, Schultz N, McCue M, Geor R, McFarlane D
Comparison of two methods for measurement of equine adrenocorticotropin
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2018 Mar;30(2):233-237. doi: 10.1177/1040638717752216. Epub 2017 Dec 28 (PubMed)
Hofberger SC, Gauff F, Thaller D, Morgan R, Keen JA, Licka TF
Assessment of tissue-specific cortisol activity with regard to degeneration of the suspensory ligaments in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Am J Vet Res. 2018 Feb;79(2):199-210. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.79.2.199
Carmalt JL, Mortazavi S, McOnie RC, Allen AL, Unniappan S
Profiles of proopiomelanocortin and encoded peptides, and their processing enzymes in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
PLoS ONE Jan 2018 13(1): e0190796. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal
Jacob SI, Geor RJ, Weber PSD, Harris PA, McCue ME
Effect of dietary carbohydrates and time of year on ACTH and cortisol concentrations in adult and aged horses
Domest Anim Endocrinol. Published online 2017 Nov 1;63:15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.10.005
Carmalt JL, Waldner CL, Allen AL
Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: An international survey of veterinarians' approach to diagnosis, management, and estimated prevalence
Can J Vet Res. 2017 Oct;81(4):261-269
Secombe CJ, Tan RHH, Perara DI, Byrne DP, Watts SP, Wearn JG.
The Effect of Geographic Location on Circannual Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Plasma Concentrations in Horses in Australia.
J Vet Intern Med Sep-Oct 2017;31(5):1533-1540. Published online 29 June 2017. doi:10.1111/jvim.14782
Carmalt, James Lawrence
Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID): Pathophysiology and a Surgical Approach to Treatment
PhD thesis University of Saskatchewan June 2017
Ujvari S, Gerber V, Sieme H, Fouché N, Burger D
Effect of Pergolide Therapy on Semen Parameters in a Stallion With Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction
JEVS November 2017 Volume 58, Pages 64–67
McFarlane D, Banse H, Knych HK, Maxwell LK
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of pergolide mesylate following long-term administration to horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Jun 15. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12339. [Epub ahead of print]
Miller MA, Moore GE, Bertin FR, Kritchevsky JE
What's New in Old Horses? Postmortem Diagnoses in Mature and Aged Equids
Vet Pathol. 2016 Mar;53(2):390-8. doi: 10.1177/0300985815608674. Epub 2015 Oct 12
Goulet C, Olive J, Rossier Y, Beauchamp G
Radiographic and anatomic characteristics of dorsal hoof wall layers in nonlaminitic horses
Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2015 Nov-Dec;56(6):589-94. doi: 10.1111/vru.12280. Epub 2015 Jul 31
Spelta CW
Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: current perspectives on diagnosis and management
Dovepress 20 August 2015 Volume 2015:6 Pages 293—300 https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S74191
Hofberger S, Gauff F, Licka T
Suspensory ligament degeneration associated with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses
Vet J. 2015 Mar;203(3):348-50. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.12.037. Epub 2015 Jan 6
DeepDyve
Rendle DI, Duz M, Beech J, Parkin T, Durham AE
Investigation of Single and Paired Measurements of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone for the Diagnosis of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction in Horses
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Volume 29, Issue 1, pages 355–361, January/February 2015
De Vries, Jennifer L MSc thesis Michigan State University 2015
Mechanism of intestinal and skeletal muscle glucose and amino acid uptake in Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction
Am J Vet Res. 2014 Jul;75(7):658-67. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.75.7.658
Whole-body phenylalanine kinetics and skeletal muscle protein signaling in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Mastro LM, Adams AA, Urschel KL
Rendle DI, Litchfield E, Heller J, Hughes K J
Investigation of rhythms of secretion and repeatability of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in healthy horses and horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Equine Veterinary Journal Vol 46, Issue 1, pages 113–117, January 2014 (published online Aug 2013)
Bradaric Z, May A, Gehlen H
Use of the chasteberry preparation Corticosal® for the treatment of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses
Pferdeheilkunde 29 (2013) 6 (November/Dezember) 721-728
Nolf M, Guidi M, Rannou B, Gestin C, Leblond A
Prevalence and early clinical signs of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses older than 10 years in France
Proceedings WEVA Oct 2013 (IVIS)
Mastro Laurel M 2013 University of Kentucky MSc thesis
The effect of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction on Protein Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity in Aged Horses
Aust Vet J. 2012 Nov;90(11):451-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00997.x. Epub 2012 Oct 11
Case series of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in a tropical climate
Spelta CW1, Axon JE
Beech J, Boston R, Lindborg S
Comparison of cortisol and ACTH responses after administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone in normal horses and those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
J Vet Intern Med. 2011 Nov-Dec;25(6):1431-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00810.x. Epub 2011 Oct 7
IVIS - BEPS 19 November 2011
An update on the diagnosis and treatment of Equine Cushing's Disease
Andy Durham
Equine Veterinary Journal August 2011
Circannual variation in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in the UK in normal horses and ponies, and those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Copas VEN, Durham AE
J Vet Intern Med. 2011 May-Jun;25(3):579-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0712.x. Epub 2011 Apr 1.
Seasonal changes in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in normal, aged horses.
Funk RA, Stewart AJ, Wooldridge AA, Kwessi E, Kemppainen RJ, Behrend EN, Zhong Q, Johnson AK
Klinkhamer K, Menheere P, van der Kolk J
Basal glucose metabolism and peripheral insulin sensitivity in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Veterinary Quarterly 2011, 31:1, 19-28, DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2011.570127
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Article in Press March 2011
The Effect of Season on the Histologic and Histomorphometric Appearance of the Equine Pituitary Gland
Cordero M, McFarlane D, Breshears MA, Miller LM, Miller MA, Duckett WM
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 25: 872–881
The Effect of Geographic Location, Breed, and Pituitary Dysfunction on Seasonal Adrenocorticotropin and α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Plasma Concentrations in Horses
McFarlane, D., Paradis, M., Zimmel, D., Sykes, B., Brorsen, B., Sanchez, A. and Vainio, K. (2011),
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2011 May 15;238(10):1305-15.
α-Melanocyte--stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropin concentrations in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and comparison with adrenocorticotropin concentration after domperidone administration in healthy horses and horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Beech J, McFarlane D, Lindborg S, Sojka JE, Boston RC
Effects of PPID, season and pasture diet on blood, ACTH and metabolite concentrations in horses
Sarah B Elliott, MSc thesis, University of Tennessee December 2010
J Vet Intern Med. 2010 Sep-Oct;24(5):1167-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0547.x. Epub 2010 Jul 28.
Association of season and pasture grazing with blood hormone and metabolite concentrations in horses with presumed pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.
Frank N, Elliott SB, Chameroy KA, Tóth F, Chumbler NS, McClamroch R.
Pathogenesis and diagnosis of equine Cushing's disease (Proceedings) Apr 1, 2010
Harold C. Schott II, DVM, PhD, DACVIM
CVC IN BALTIMORE PROCEEDINGS
Gehring R, Beard LA, Wright A, Coetzee JF, Havel J, Apley MD
Single-Dose Oral Pharmacokinetics of Pergolide Mesylate in Healthy Adult Mares
Vet Ther. 2010 Spring;11(1):E1-8
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009 Sep 15;235(6):715-22.
Evaluation of plasma ACTH, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and insulin concentrations during various photoperiods in clinically normal horses and ponies and those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.
Beech J, Boston RC, McFarlane D, Lindborg S
Vet Pathol 45:26–38 (2008)
Correlation of Pituitary Histomorphometry with Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone Response to Domperidone Administration in the Diagnosis of Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction
Miller MA, Pardo ID, Jackson LP, Moore GE, Sojka JE
J Vet Intern Med. 2006 Jul-Aug;20(4):987-93. (PubMed)
Evaluation of the combined dexamethasone suppression/ thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test for detection of pars intermedia pituitary adenomas in horses.
Frank N, Andrews FM, Sommardahl CS, Eiler H, Rohrbach BW, Donnell RL
AAEP 2006
Role of the Equine Hypothalamic-Pituitary Pars Intermedia Axis in Health and Disease
Dianne McFarlane, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM
J Vet Intern Med 2005;19:217–222
Variation in Plasma Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Concentration and Dexamethasone Suppression Test Results with Season, Age, and Sex in Healthy Ponies and Horses
Mark T. Donaldson, Sue M. McDonnell, Barbara J. Schanbacher, Stephen V. Lamb, Dianne McFarlane, and Jill Beech
Donaldson MT, Jorgensen AJ, Beech J
Evaluation of suspected pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses with laminitis
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004 Apr 1;224(7):1123-7.
AAEP 2003
The Role of Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (Equine Cushing's Disease)
McFarlane D, Donaldson M, Saleh T, Cribb A
PERKINS, G. A., LAMB, S., ERB, H. N., SCHANBACHER, B., NYDAM, D. V. and DIVERS, T. J. (2002),
Plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) concentrations and clinical response in horses treated for equine Cushing's disease with cyproheptadine or pergolide.
Equine Veterinary Journal, 34: 679–685. doi: 10.2746/042516402776250333
Evaluation of the normal equine pituitary gland
Tori McKlveen MSc thesis 2002
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1993 May 1;118(9):298-300.
[Anorexia in a pony with Cushing's disease].
van der Kolk JH, van Hoorn CJ, van Garderen E, van den Belt AJ
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1991 Jul 1;116(13):670-5.
[A horse with Cushing's disease].
van der Kolk JH, Klein WR, van der Putten SW, Mol JA.
Research relating to laminitis
Burns TA, Watts MR, Belknap JK, van Eps AW.
Digital lamellar inflammatory signaling in an experimental model of equine preferential weight bearing.
J Vet Intern Med. Feb 2023 (online). doi: 10.1111/jvim.16662. Open Access.
Keywords: JAK/STAT; cytokines; inflammation; ischemia; stretch
Elliott J, Bailey SR.
A review ofcellular and molecular mechanisms in endocrinopathic, sepsis-related and supporting limb equine laminitis.
Equine Vet J. Published online 27 February 2023. doi: 10.1111/evj.13933. PMID: 36847165. Open Access.
Keywords: basal epithelial cell stress; horse; insulin dysregulation; laminitis pathogenesis; signalling pathways.
Finding EJT, Elliott J, Harris PA, Menzies-Gow NJ
Nitric oxide synthase inhibition reveals differences in the nitric oxide pathway in previously laminitic ponies
Research in Veterinary Science Available online 1 July 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.05.012
Keywords: Blood pressure, Equine, Endothelial cells, Laminitis, Nitric oxide
Meier A, McGree J, Klee R, Preuß J, Reiche D, de Laat M, Sillence M.
The application of a new laminitis scoring method to model the rate and pattern of improvement from equine endocrinopathic laminitis in a clinical setting.
BMC Vet Res. 2021 Jan 7;17(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02715-7. PMID: 33413384; PMCID: PMC7791853.
Keywords: Diagnosis; Equine metabolic syndrome; Insulin; Laminitis; Obel.
Stokes SM, Bertin FR, Stefanovski D, Belknap JK, Medina-Torres CE, Pollitt CC, van Eps AW.
Lamellar energy metabolism and perfusion in the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp model of equine laminitis.
Equine Vet J. July 2020 52(4):577-584. doi: 10.1111/evj.13224. Epub 2020 Feb 12. PMID: 31845378.
Meier A, de Laat M, Pollitt C, Walsh D, McGree J, Reiche DB, von Salis-Soglio M, Wells-Smith L, Mengeler U, Mesa Salas D, Droegemueller S, Sillence MN
A “modified Obel” method for the severity scoring of (endocrinopathic) equine laminitis
PeerJ published 07 June 2019. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7084
de Laat MA, Reiche DB, Sillence MN, McGree JM
Incidence and risk factors for recurrence of endocrinopathic laminitis in horses
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine April 2019 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15497 (Full paper: ResearchGate)
Bamford NJ
Clinical insights: Treatment of laminitis
Equine Veterinary Journal Vol 51, Issue2 March 2019 Pages 145-146 First published: 06 February 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13055
Pollard D, Wylie CE, Verheyen KLP, Newton JR
Identification of modifiable factors associated with owner-reported equine laminitis in Britain using a web-based cohort study approach
BMC Veterinary Research Feb 2019 15:59 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1798-8
Menzies-Gow N
Laminitis in Horses
In Practice Published online 01 November 2018
Patterson-Kane JC, Karikoski NP, McGowan CM
Paradigm shifts in understanding equine laminitis
The Veterinary Journal Volume 231, January 2018, Pages 33-40
Pollard D, Wylie CE, Verheyen KLP, Newton JR
Assessment of horse owners' ability to recognise equine laminitis: A cross-sectional study of 93 veterinary diagnosed cases in Great Britain
Equine Vet J. 2017 Nov;49(6):759-766. doi: 10.1111/evj.12704. Epub 2017 Jul 3
See also: EVJ Podcast, No 21, Aug 2017 – Horse owners’ ability to recognise equine laminitis
Dalla Costa E, Stucke D, Dai F, Minero M, Leach MC, Lebelt D
Using the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) to Assess Pain Associated with Acute Laminitis in Horses (Equus caballus)
Animals (Basel). 2016 Aug; 6(8): 47. doi: 10.3390/ani6080047
Katz LM, Bailey SR
A review of recent advances and current hypotheses on the pathogenesis of acute laminitis
Equine Veterinary Journal Volume 44, Issue 6, pages 752–761, November 2012
J Anim Sci 2007, 85:2949-2958
Dietary fructan carbohydrate increases amine production in the equine large intestine: Implications for pasture-associated laminitis
Crawford C, Sepulveda M, Elliott J, Harris P, Bailey S
Digital lamellar inflammatory signaling in an experimental model of equine preferential weight bearing.
J Vet Intern Med. Feb 2023 (online). doi: 10.1111/jvim.16662. Open Access.
Keywords: JAK/STAT; cytokines; inflammation; ischemia; stretch
Elliott J, Bailey SR.
A review ofcellular and molecular mechanisms in endocrinopathic, sepsis-related and supporting limb equine laminitis.
Equine Vet J. Published online 27 February 2023. doi: 10.1111/evj.13933. PMID: 36847165. Open Access.
Keywords: basal epithelial cell stress; horse; insulin dysregulation; laminitis pathogenesis; signalling pathways.
Finding EJT, Elliott J, Harris PA, Menzies-Gow NJ
Nitric oxide synthase inhibition reveals differences in the nitric oxide pathway in previously laminitic ponies
Research in Veterinary Science Available online 1 July 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.05.012
Keywords: Blood pressure, Equine, Endothelial cells, Laminitis, Nitric oxide
Meier A, McGree J, Klee R, Preuß J, Reiche D, de Laat M, Sillence M.
The application of a new laminitis scoring method to model the rate and pattern of improvement from equine endocrinopathic laminitis in a clinical setting.
BMC Vet Res. 2021 Jan 7;17(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02715-7. PMID: 33413384; PMCID: PMC7791853.
Keywords: Diagnosis; Equine metabolic syndrome; Insulin; Laminitis; Obel.
Stokes SM, Bertin FR, Stefanovski D, Belknap JK, Medina-Torres CE, Pollitt CC, van Eps AW.
Lamellar energy metabolism and perfusion in the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp model of equine laminitis.
Equine Vet J. July 2020 52(4):577-584. doi: 10.1111/evj.13224. Epub 2020 Feb 12. PMID: 31845378.
Meier A, de Laat M, Pollitt C, Walsh D, McGree J, Reiche DB, von Salis-Soglio M, Wells-Smith L, Mengeler U, Mesa Salas D, Droegemueller S, Sillence MN
A “modified Obel” method for the severity scoring of (endocrinopathic) equine laminitis
PeerJ published 07 June 2019. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7084
de Laat MA, Reiche DB, Sillence MN, McGree JM
Incidence and risk factors for recurrence of endocrinopathic laminitis in horses
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine April 2019 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15497 (Full paper: ResearchGate)
Bamford NJ
Clinical insights: Treatment of laminitis
Equine Veterinary Journal Vol 51, Issue2 March 2019 Pages 145-146 First published: 06 February 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13055
Pollard D, Wylie CE, Verheyen KLP, Newton JR
Identification of modifiable factors associated with owner-reported equine laminitis in Britain using a web-based cohort study approach
BMC Veterinary Research Feb 2019 15:59 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1798-8
Menzies-Gow N
Laminitis in Horses
In Practice Published online 01 November 2018
Patterson-Kane JC, Karikoski NP, McGowan CM
Paradigm shifts in understanding equine laminitis
The Veterinary Journal Volume 231, January 2018, Pages 33-40
Pollard D, Wylie CE, Verheyen KLP, Newton JR
Assessment of horse owners' ability to recognise equine laminitis: A cross-sectional study of 93 veterinary diagnosed cases in Great Britain
Equine Vet J. 2017 Nov;49(6):759-766. doi: 10.1111/evj.12704. Epub 2017 Jul 3
See also: EVJ Podcast, No 21, Aug 2017 – Horse owners’ ability to recognise equine laminitis
Dalla Costa E, Stucke D, Dai F, Minero M, Leach MC, Lebelt D
Using the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) to Assess Pain Associated with Acute Laminitis in Horses (Equus caballus)
Animals (Basel). 2016 Aug; 6(8): 47. doi: 10.3390/ani6080047
Katz LM, Bailey SR
A review of recent advances and current hypotheses on the pathogenesis of acute laminitis
Equine Veterinary Journal Volume 44, Issue 6, pages 752–761, November 2012
J Anim Sci 2007, 85:2949-2958
Dietary fructan carbohydrate increases amine production in the equine large intestine: Implications for pasture-associated laminitis
Crawford C, Sepulveda M, Elliott J, Harris P, Bailey S
Research relating to feet
Al Naem M, Litzke LF, Failing K, Burk J, Röcken M
Hoof kinetic patterns differ between sound and laminitic horses
Equine Vet J. published online 15 June 2020;10.1111/evj.13311. doi:10.1111/evj.13311 (full paper)
de Laat MA, Pollitt CC
Ultrastructural examination of basement membrane pathology in horses with insulin-induced laminitis
Domestic Animal Endocrinology Volume 69, October 2019, Pages 30-34. doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.04.004
Keywords: Epidermal basal cell, hemidesmosome, hyperinsulinemia, lamellae, transmission electron microscopy
Carmalt KP, Carmalt JL, Henderson K, Allen AL, Wilson DG
Novel technique for prevention of rotation of the distal phalanx relative to the hoof wall in horses with acute laminitis
Am J Vet Res. 2019 Oct;80(10):943-949. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.80.10.943
Armstrong C, Cassimeris L, Da Silva Santos C, Micoogullari Y, Wagner B, Babasyan S, Brooks A, Galantino-Homer H
The expression of equine keratins K42 and K124 is restricted to the hoof epidermal lamellae of Equus caballus
PLoS ONE 24 Sept 2019 14(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219234
Cassimeris L, Engiles JB, Galantino-Homer H
Detection of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response in naturally-occurring endocrinopathic equine laminitis
BMC Vet Res. 2019 Jan 10;15(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1748-x
Sandow C, Fugler LA, Leise B, Riggs L, Monroe WT, Totaro N, Belknap J, Eades S
Ex Vivo effects of insulin on the structural integrity of equine digital lamellae
Equine Vet J. Published online 2018 May 14. doi: 10.1111/evj.12964
Sandow, Cole Barrett
An Evaluation of Pathophysiology and Biomechanics of Selected Lamenesses in the Horse
MSc thesis April 2018 LSU Master's Theses: 4689
Sleutjens J, Serra Bragança FM, van Empelen MW, ten Have RE, de Zwaan J, Roelfsema E, Oosterlinck M, Back W
Mouldable, thermoplastic, glue-on frog-supportive shoes change hoof kinetics in normal and obese Shetland ponies
Equine Vet J. 2018 Sep;50(5):684-689. doi: 10.1111/evj.12814. Epub 2018 Feb 12.
Yamada K, Inui T, Itoh M, Yanagawa M, Sato F, Tominari M, Mizobe F, Kishimoto M, Sasaki N
Characteristic findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) for severe chronic laminitis in a Thoroughbred horse
J. Equine Sci. May 2017 Vol. 28, No. 3 pp. 105–110, 2017
Vosugh D, Nazem MN, Hooshmand AR
Radiological anatomy of distal phalanx of front foot in the pure Iranian Arabian horse
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2017 Mar 29. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2017.0028. [Epub ahead of print] (Full)
Panagiotopoulou O, Rankin JW, Gatesy SM, Hutchinson JR
A preliminary case study of the effect of shoe-wearing on the biomechanics of a horse’s foot
PeerJ. 2016;4:e2164. doi:10.7717/peerj.2164
Thieme K, Ehrle A, Lischer C
Radiographic measurements of the hooves of normal ponies
Vet J. 2015 Dec;206(3):332-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.005. Epub 2015 Oct 13
Karikoski NP, McGowan CM, Singer ER, Asplin KE, Tulamo RM, Patterson-Kane JC
Pathology of Natural Cases of Equine Endocrinopathic Laminitis Associated With Hyperinsulinemia
Veterinary Pathology 2015, Vol. 52(5) 945-956
Laskoski LM, Locatelli Dittrich R, Valadão CAA, Castro ML, Araujo FF, Silva JR, Basso FZ, Dornbusch PT, Deconto I, Sousa RS
Histopathological hoof laminar changes in horses with Pituitary Pars Intermedia Adenoma: cases report
Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. vol.67 no.5 Belo Horizonte Oct. 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-7731
Pollitt CC, Underwood C, Collins S
Laminitis treatment by regional drug delivery to the horse's foot
RIRDC 08 Oct 2014
Grundmann IN, Drost WT, Zekas LJ, Belknap JK, Garabed RB, Weisbrode SE, Parks AH, Knopp MV, Maierl J
Quantitative assessment of the equine hoof using digital radiography and magnetic resonance imaging
Equine Vet J. 2015 Sep;47(5):542-7. doi: 10.1111/evj.12340. Epub 2014 Nov 3
based on:
Drumm INM (nee Grundmann)
Quantitative Assessment of the Equine Hoof Using Digital Radiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PhD dissertation 2015 Ludwig Maximilians University Munich
and
Grundmann, Ilva
Digital Radiographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Normal Equine Foot: a Focus on the Soft Tissue Structures of the Hoof Wall and Sole
MSc thesis 2012 Ohio State University
Venugopal C, Holmes E, Beadle R, Kearney M, Eades S
Comparison of insulin-induced digital vessel ring responses of laminitic and clinically healthy horses
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science published online 26 May 2014
See also: Insulin resistance in equine digital vessel rings: An in vitro model to study vascular dysfunction in equine laminitis
Taylor D, Sperandeo A, Schumacher J, Passler T, Wooldridge A, Bell R, Cooner A, Guidry L, Matz-Creel H, Ramey I, Ramey P
Clinical Outcome of 14 Obese, Laminitic Horses Managed with the Same Rehabilitation Protocol
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Volume 34, Issue 4, Pages 556–564, April 2014 (online 05 Feb 2014)
Vali R
Some radiological measurements from the front feet of sound Dareh-Shori horses with relevance to laminitis and founder
Trends in Life Sciences Vol 3 Issue 4 2014
Eggleson RB
Value of Quality Foot Radiographs and Their Impact on Practical Farriery
AAEP Proceedings 2012 Vol. 58
Collins SN, Dyson SJ, Murray RC, Newton JR, Burden F, Trawford AF
Development of a quantitative multivariable radiographic method to evaluate anatomic changes associated with laminitis in the forefeet of donkeys
Am J Vet Res. 2012 Aug;73(8):1207-18. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.73.8.1207
Engiles JB; Galantino-Homer HL; Dishowitz MI; McDonald D; Boston R; Hankenson KD
Significant Distal Phalangeal Bone Loss in Equine Laminitis
Poster No. 0553 • ORS 2012 Annual Meeting
Carter RA, Engiles JB, Megee SO, Senoo M, Galantino-Homer HL
Decreased expression of p63, a regulator of epidermal stem cells, in the chronic laminitic equine hoof
Equine Vet J. 2011 Sep;43(5):543-51
Clayton HM, Gray S, Kaiser LJ, Bowker RM
Effects of barefoot trimming on hoof morphology
Australian Veterinary Journal Volume 89, Issue 8, pages 305–311, August 2011
Collins SN, Dyson SJ, Murray RC, Burden F, Trawford A
Radiological anatomy of the donkey's foot: objective characterisation of the normal and laminitic donkey foot
Equine Vet J. 2011 Jul;43(4):478-86. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00312.x
Hampson B, Pollitt CC
Improving the Foot Health of the Domestic Horse: The relevance of the feral horse foot model
RIRDC 2011
Tranquille CA, Murray RC, Dyson SJ, Collins SN, ParkinTDH
Are there any correlations between external hoof capsule measurements and distal phalanx measurements?
BEVA Sept 2010
Baldwin GI, Pollitt CC
Progression of venographic changes after experimentally induced laminitis
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2010 Apr;26(1):135-40. doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2009.12.005
Collins SN, van Eps AW, Pollitt CC, Kuwano A
The lamellar wedge
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2010 Apr;26(1):179-95
Engiles JB
Pathology of the distal phalanx in equine laminitis: more than just skin deep
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2010 Apr;26(1):155-65
Cerfogli Jennifer A
Biomechanical Considerations in Equine Laminitis
MSc thesis 2009 Iowa State University
Mostert, Henning Jonathan
The effect of a reverse shoe and polystyrene padding on the biomechanics of the front hoof of the horse
MSc dissertation February 2009 University of Pretoria
Croser E, Pollitt C
Acute Laminitis: Descriptive Evaluaion of Serial Hoof Biopsies
AAEP 2006 (ResearchGate)
Lancaster L, Bowker R (2005)
Cortical Bone Density and Trabecular Width in the Distal Phalanx of Racing Quarter Horses
Eliashar E1, McGuigan MP, Wilson AM
Relationship of foot conformation and force applied to the navicular bone of sound horses at the trot
Equine Vet J. 2004 Jul;36(5):431-5 (Full paper: DeepDyve)
(Paper Debra Taylor references re. hairline angles)
Lancaster, Lisa (2004)
Regional Density and Morphology of Equine Hoof Wall Tubules
Murray RC, Dyson SJ, Schramme MC, Branch M, Woods S
Magnetic resonance imaging of the equine digit with chronic laminitis
Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2003 Nov-Dec;44(6):609-17 (Full paper)
Lancaster, Lisa (2003)
Density and Morphologic Features of Primary Epidermal Laminae in the Feet of 3-Year Old Racing Quarter Horses
Bowker RM
Contrasting Structural Morphologies of “Good” and “Bad” Footed Horses
AAEP 2003
Wattle O
Cytokeratins of the stratum medium and stratum internum of the equine hoof wall in acute laminitis
Acta Vet Scand. 2000;41(4):363-79
Cripps PJ, Eustace RA
Radiological measurements from the feet of normal horses with relevance to laminitis
Equine Vet J. 1999 Sep;31(5):427-32
Bowker RM, Van Wulfen KK, Springer SE, Linder KE
Functional anatomy of the cartilage of the distal phalanx and digital cushion in the equine foot and a hemodynamic flow hypothesis of energy dissipation
Am J Vet Res. 1998 Aug;59(8):961-8
Baxter GM
Equine laminitis caused by distal displacement of the distal phalanx: 12 cases (1976-1985)
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1986 Aug 1;189(3):326-9
Research relating to grass/hay and NSC/carbohydrate/sugar levels
Kramer KJ, Kagan IA, Lawrence LM, Smith SR
Ethanol-soluble carbohydrates of cool-season grasses: prediction of concentration by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and evaluation of effects of cultivar and management
JEVS published online 19 February 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103421
Kramer KJ, Kagan IA, Lawrence LM, Goff BM, Smith SR
Water-soluble carbohydrates of cool-season grasses: prediction of concentrations by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and evaluation of effects of genetics, management and environment
JEVS published online April 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103014
Linked to: Evaluating nonstructural carbohydrate variation of cool-season grasses based on genotype, management and environment
Jaqueth AL, Turner TR, Iwaniuk ME, McIntosh BJ, Burk AO
Relative traffic tolerance of cool-season turfgrasses and suitability for grazing by equine
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science published online 25 April 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.04.005
See also:
Jaqueth, Aubrey Lowrey
Novel uses of turfgrasses for equine operations
PhD dissertation, University of Maryland, 2018
Use of novel forages on horse farms: Novel turfgrass research update - Aubrey Jaqueth University of Maryland, March 2018
Prince, Kelly Joan MSc thesis 2017 University of Kentucky
Evaluating nonstructural carbohydrate variation of cool-season grasses based on genotype, management and environment
Müller CE, Nostell K, Bröjer J
Microbial Counts in Forages for Horses—Effect of Storage Time and of Water Soaking Before Feeding
JEVS July 2015 Volume 35, Issue 7, Pages 622–627
Moore-Colyer MJS, Lumbis K, Longland A, Harris P
The Effect of Five Different Wetting Treatments on the Nutrient Content and Microbial Concentration in Hay for Horses
PLOS One November 26, 2014
Howieson MJ, Christians NE
Carbohydrate Metabolism and Efficiency of Photosystem II in Mown Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferaL.)
HortScience April 2008 vol. 43 no. 2 525-531
Chatterton NJ, Watts KA, Jensen KB, Harrison PA, Horton WH
Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Oat Forage
The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 136, Issue 7, 1 July 2006, Pages 2111S–2113S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.7.2111S
Kramer KJ, Kagan IA, Lawrence LM, Smith SR
Ethanol-soluble carbohydrates of cool-season grasses: prediction of concentration by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and evaluation of effects of cultivar and management
JEVS published online 19 February 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103421
Kramer KJ, Kagan IA, Lawrence LM, Goff BM, Smith SR
Water-soluble carbohydrates of cool-season grasses: prediction of concentrations by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and evaluation of effects of genetics, management and environment
JEVS published online April 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103014
Linked to: Evaluating nonstructural carbohydrate variation of cool-season grasses based on genotype, management and environment
Jaqueth AL, Turner TR, Iwaniuk ME, McIntosh BJ, Burk AO
Relative traffic tolerance of cool-season turfgrasses and suitability for grazing by equine
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science published online 25 April 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.04.005
See also:
Jaqueth, Aubrey Lowrey
Novel uses of turfgrasses for equine operations
PhD dissertation, University of Maryland, 2018
Use of novel forages on horse farms: Novel turfgrass research update - Aubrey Jaqueth University of Maryland, March 2018
Prince, Kelly Joan MSc thesis 2017 University of Kentucky
Evaluating nonstructural carbohydrate variation of cool-season grasses based on genotype, management and environment
Müller CE, Nostell K, Bröjer J
Microbial Counts in Forages for Horses—Effect of Storage Time and of Water Soaking Before Feeding
JEVS July 2015 Volume 35, Issue 7, Pages 622–627
Moore-Colyer MJS, Lumbis K, Longland A, Harris P
The Effect of Five Different Wetting Treatments on the Nutrient Content and Microbial Concentration in Hay for Horses
PLOS One November 26, 2014
Howieson MJ, Christians NE
Carbohydrate Metabolism and Efficiency of Photosystem II in Mown Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferaL.)
HortScience April 2008 vol. 43 no. 2 525-531
Chatterton NJ, Watts KA, Jensen KB, Harrison PA, Horton WH
Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Oat Forage
The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 136, Issue 7, 1 July 2006, Pages 2111S–2113S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.7.2111S